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Unit 2: What are we made of? Chemistry
Unit Overview:
Students will learn the following:
2.1 Structure of the Atom/Periodic Table
5A describe the structure of atoms, including the masses, electrical charges, and locations, of protons and
neutrons in the nucleus and electrons in the electron cloud
5B identify that protons determine an element’s identity and valence electrons determine its chemical
properties, including reactivity
5C interpret the arrangement of the Periodic Table, including groups and periods, to explain how properties are
used to classify elements
2.2 Chemical Equations
5D recognize that chemical formulas are used to identify substances and determine the number of atoms of each
element in chemical formulas containing substances
5F recognize whether a chemical equation containing coefficients is balanced or not and how that relates to the
law of conservation of mass
5E investigate how evidence of chemical reactions indicate that new substances with different properties are
formed
*TEKS from 6th and 7th grade science will be reviewed as well
Unit Questions:
1. What are the subatomic particles, where are they located and what are the charges?
2. How is an element determined or identified?
3. How are new elements discovered?
4. How are compounds represented?
5. What evidence indicates that a chemical reaction has occurred?
6. How are physical and chemical properties shown within substances?
7. Why is the periodic table organized into groups and periods?
8. What is the difference between elements, compounds and mixtures?
9. How do you determine that an equation is balanced?
10. Do all chemical reactions follow the law of conservation of mass?
Key Vocabulary Words:
Atom – The atom is a basic unit of matter and the smallest unit of an element.
Atomic Mass – The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom
Atomic Number – The number of protons in an atomic nucleus
Balanced equation - occurs when the number of the different atoms of elements in the reactants side is equal
to that of the products side
Chemical formula - tells us the number of atoms of each element in a compound
Chemical property – the ability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more other substances.
Chemical symbol – a shorthand method of representing an element. Instead of writing out the name of an
element, we represent an element name with one or two letters.
Coefficient - the numbers placed before the elements in a chemical equation
Compound – a chemical substance consisting of two or more different chemically bonded chemical elements,
with a fixed ratio determining the composition
Conductivity – the degree to which a specified material conducts electricity
Density – Density is the mass per unit volume of a substance
Element – one of the basic substances that are made of atoms of only one kind and that cannot be
separated by ordinary chemical means into simpler substances
Electron – A particle of an atom that orbits the atom's nucleus and carries a negative charge
Electron cloud – the system of electrons surrounding the nucleus of an atom
Energy level - Energy levels inside an atom are the specific energies that electrons can have when occupying
specific orbitals.
Group/family – a group (also known as a family) is a column of elements in the periodic table of the
chemical elements. There are 18 numbered groups
Ion - An atom or molecule that has acquired a charge by either gaining or losing electrons.
Luster - is the way light interacts with the surface of a crystal, rock, or mineral.
Malleability – is the ability of a metal to be hammered into thin sheets.
Metal – A metal is a material that is typically hard, opaque, shiny, and has good electrical and thermal
conductivity.
Metalloid – A metalloid is any chemical element which has properties in between those of metals and
nonmetals, or that has a mixture of them.
Mixture – a material system made up of two or more different substances which are mixed but are not
combined chemically. A mixture refers to the physical combination of two or more substances on which
the identities are retained
Nonmetal – is a chemical element that mostly lacks metallic attributes
Nucleus – the positively charged central core of an atom, consisting of protons and neutrons and containing
nearly all its mass.
Period - elements are arranged in a series of rows (or periods) so that those with similar properties appear in a
column.
Precipitate - is the creation of a solid from a solution
Proton – A proton is a subatomic particle, symbol p or p+, with a positive electric charge of +1
Periodic Table – a table of the chemical elements arranged in order of atomic number, usually in rows, so that
elements with similar atomic structure (and hence similar chemical properties) appear in vertical
columns.
Physical property – can be observed or measured without changing the composition of matter. Physical
properties are used to observe and describe matter.
Reactant - a substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a reaction
Reactivity – the rate at which a chemical substance tends to undergo a chemical reaction
Subscript - appear at or below the baseline to show how many of that element exist in a chemical formula
Valence electron - an electron in one of the outer shells of an atom that can participate in forming chemical
bonds with other atoms