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Technical Bulletin No. 23R Importance of Animal-Based Proteins in Pet Foods Many dog and cat owners are interested in knowing more about the sources and the quality of proteins that are included in pet foods. Recognizing the differences between animal-based and plant-based protein sources can help owners to select foods that best meet their dog’ or cat’s needs. Functions of Dietary Protein Dietary protein is essential for growth and for the maintenance of almost all tissues of an animal’s body. Protein supplies the amino acids needed to build hair, skin, claws, muscles, cartilage, tendons and ligaments. Protein also makes up the enzymes that put in motion all metabolic reactions, the hormones that act as the body’s chemical messengers, and antibodies that comprise the immune system. The body’s protein is not static, but rather is in a constant state of flux as cells and tissues wear out and are replaced. Therefore, the protein found in a food is essential for replacing losses that occur during normal protein turnover and for supporting a healthy body condition. Digestive efficiency: The digestive systems of dogs and cats differ from those of herbivores and utilize animal-based proteins more efficiently than plant-based proteins, such as corn gluten meal1 or soybean meal. High Quality: Animal-based proteins have a higher biological value than plant-based proteins. For dogs and cats, this means that animal-based protein sources provide a balance of essential amino acids and nitrogen to meet their nutrient requirements whereas some plant-based proteins may be deficient in certain essential amino acids. Sources of Dietary Protein The protein in dog and cat foods can be supplied by animal sources, plant sources, or a combination of the two. Common animal-based protein sources that are used in pet food include chicken, lamb, fish, and beef. Examples of plant-based protein sources are corn-gluten meal and soybean meal. Benefits of Animal-Based Protein Cats are obligate carnivores, which means that they cannot obtain all of the nutrients that they require from a plant-based diet and must consume some animal-source ingredients to meet their nutritional needs. Dogs are omnivorous in nature, but evolved consuming a carnivorous diet and thrive when fed a diet containing protein sources from animals. Additional benefits of feeding animal-based protein sources to dogs and cats include: L-carnitine: Animal proteins (but not plant proteins) provide L-carnitine, a compound that acts like a vitamin and enhances the use of fat as an energy source. Because L-carnitine facilitates the oxidation of fat, it supports a healthy metabolism and in overweight pets can promote weight loss. Healthy body condition: When fed as a single protein source, animal protein is better than protein sources from plants at building and maintaining lean muscle and supporting a healthy body condition. More on back… Technical Bulletin No. 23R Research Findings Adult dogs fed diets containing chicken had increased lean tissue and reduced body fat when compared with dogs fed diets containing plant-based proteins such as soybean meal and corn gluten meal (see chart). Chisel: Body composition (corn gluten meal, soy bean meal) 32 week changes in dogs3 Lean Tissue Fat Tissue 1000 Absolute change, g ab (p<0.05) 750 b a a b Feeding a pet food that contains primarily animal-based protein sources maintains muscle mass and supports healthy body condition. These benefits are needed for exercise and for normal daily activities and are especially important as dogs and cats age. Iams® and Eukanuba® foods include high quality, easily digested animal-based proteins carefully chosen from chicken, egg, lamb or fish. Iams® and Eukanuba® dog and cat foods contain more protein from animal-based protein sources than other leading brands of pet food. 500 250 Conclusions and Application a b 0 Chicken Corn Gluten Meal Soybean Meal Chicken + Corn Gluten Meal Chicken + Soybean Meal This chart denotes 100% protein from specified source (i.e. chicken, corn gluten meal or soybean meal) 1 Funaba, M., Matsumoto, C., Matsuki, K., Gotoh, K., Kaneko, M., Iriki, T., et al. (2002). Comparison of corn gluten meal and meat meal as a protein source in dry foods formulated for cats. AJVR, 63(9), 1247-1251. 2 Osler BL. An integrated essential amino acid index for predicting the biological value of proteins. In Protein and Amino Acid Nutrition, New York, 1959. Academic Press. 3 P&G Pet Care. Data on file. Aging in dogs and cats is associated with a loss of lean (muscle) tissue and a decline in body condition. Another study reported that senior dogs fed a 32% protein, chickenbased diet maintained body compositions and musclespecific protein patterns similar to those seen in healthy young adult dogs. In contrast, this benefit was not observed when a plant-based or lower protein diet was fed.4 4 Davenport, G., Gaasch, S., Hayek, M., & Cummins, K. (2001). Effect of dietary protein on body composition and metabolic responses of geriatric and young-adult dogs. J Vet Intern Med, 15, 306. © 2012 P&G. All rights reserved. Printed in the USA. 1-800-525-IAMS (4267) www.iams.com www.eukanuba.com www.pgpetwellness.com