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The Crusades –
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List the causes of the first Crusade?
Who incited the Christians to rise and fight and how?
What were the long term effects of Pope Urban II’s speech?
Analyze Pope Urban II’s speech and pick out the parts that you think were
most effective in inciting the Christians to fight?
5. Discuss the reasons for the first Crusade’s victory?
What were the Crusades?
The Crusades were a series of Holy Wars launched by the Christian states of Europe
against the Saracens. The term 'Saracen' was the word used to describe a Moslem during
the time of the Crusades. The Crusades started in 1095 when Pope Claremont preached
the First Crusade at the Council of Claremont. The Pope's preaching led to thousands
immediately affixing the cross to their garments - the name Crusade given to the Holy
Wars came from old French word 'crois' meaning 'cross'. The Crusades were great
military expeditions undertaken by the Christian nations of Europe for the purpose of
rescuing the holy places of Palestine from the hands of the Mohammedans. They were eight
in number, the first four being sometimes called the Principal Crusades, and the remaining
four the Minor Crusades. In addition there was a Children's Crusade. There were several
other expeditions which were insignificant in numbers or results.
What was the Cause for the Crusades?
The reason for the crusades was a war between Christians and Moslems which centered
around the city of Jerusalem. The City of Jerusalem held a Holy significance to the
Christian religion. The Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem commemorated the hill
of crucifixion and the tomb of Christ's burial and was visited by Pilgrims. In 1065
Jerusalem was taken by the Turks and 3000 Christians were massacred starting a chain of
events which contributed to the cause of the crusades.
What were the Objectives of the Crusades?
The Objectives of the crusades was at first to release the Holy Land, in particular
Jerusalem, from the Saracens, but in time was extended to seizing Spain from the Moors,
the Slavs and Pagans from eastern Europe, and the islands of the Mediterranean.
How many Crusades were there?
There were a total of nine crusades! The first four crusades were seen as the most import
and scant reference is made to the other crusades - with the exception of the Children's
crusade which effectively led to the decline of the crusades. For a period of two hundred
years Europe and Asia were engaged in almost constant warfare. Throughout this period
there was a continuous movement of crusaders to and from the Moslem possessions in Asia
Minor, Syria, and Egypt.
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What similarities do you find among the Muslims during the First Crusade and state
of Muslims now?
Salahuddin Ayyubi
1. Who was Salahuddin Ayyubi?
2. How did the Crusaders and Muslims view him (Salahuddin Ayyubi)?
3. How was he influenced by the test and tribulations of his times?
Answer based on the following perspectives:
a. Spiritual
b. Intellectual
c. Social
The Black Death
1. Define the word plague in complete 2-3 sentences.
2. What was Black Death?
3. How did the Black Death spread?
4. Effects of the Black Death
5. Reaction to the Black Death
6. Causes of the Black Death
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