Download 1_European Monarchies Rise of Nation States

Birth of European
Nation States
Chapter 8
The High Middle Ages
European monarchies
___________and began forming
___________________in the late
______________________
nation-states
medieval period
consolidated power
England

William the Conqueror
Leader of the Norman Conquest
 United most of England
 Domesday Book

England

King Henry II (1154-1189)
Common Law had its beginnings during his reign
 Strengthened the Royal Courts
 Unified Legal System

England

King John (1199-1216)
 Signed the Magna Carta, (Great Charter)
 Limited the power of the king
 Guaranteed certain basic political rights
 No Taxation without representations
 Jury Trial
 Protection of the laws
 Considered the basic rights both in England and
United States
 The 100 Years’ War between England and France
helped define England as a nation.
This king united most of
England.
__________________
This king was forced by
nobles to sign the Magna
Carta _______________
This King strengthened the
Royal Courts & unified the
legal system ___________
1.
King John
1.
King Henry II
1.
William the
Conqueror
France



Hugh Capet
established the French
throne in Paris
His dynasty gradually
expanded their control
over most of France.
Joan of Arc was
unifying factors
Spain


Ferdinand and Isabella unified the country and
expelled Muslim Moors
Spanish Empire in the Western Hemisphere expanded
under Philip II
Russia




Ivan the Great threw off the rule of the Mongols
Centralized power in Moscow
Expanded the Russia nation
Power was centralized in the hands of the Tsar
The Crusades
War to Free the Holy Land
The Crusades
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ayer/view/assetGuid/A9E671CC03D1-44E8-8813-70193A8636377
Goal of the Crusades




Desire to free the
Holy Land
Desire to win
wealth and land
Search for
adventure
Europeans’ desire
to escape trouble
at Home
Key Events
 Alexius
I - Byzantine emperor,
asked Pope Urban II for help
Urban’ s calls for a “holy
war” to free the holy Land 1096
 Pope
Crusades
First and Second Crusades
 Capture of Jerusalem, 1099
 Set up 4 Crusader states
 Lost Jerusalem to Saladin 1187
 Third Crusade, European tried but failed
to recapture Jerusalem
 Richard the Lionhearted

First Crusade
Effects of the Crusades


Economy
 Increased trade
 Money economy grew
Monarchy
 Increase power of feudal monarchs
 Could collect taxes to support the Crusades
 Feudalism declined because power became
more centralized
Effect of Crusades on the Church


Church
 Rise of Pope power
 Roman and Eastern Churches splits
Worldview
 Increased contact with other peoples
 Increased travel by Europeans
 Wider world views
The End of the Middle
Ages
100 Years’ War




Who
 England and France
Causes
 Edward III claimed the Crown of England
Outcome
 Set England and France on different paths
 Greater sense of national feelings
Key Events
 Long Bow and Cannon
 Joan of Arc
 Parliament in England gained power
Black Death
The Bubonic Plague

Impact of the Black Death
 Decline in population
 Scarcity of labor
 Towns freed from Feudal
obligations
 Decline of Church influence
 Disruption of trade
Hundred Years’ War
Before
 Castles offered
adequate
protection
 Armored Knights
dominated
battlefield
 England and
France battle for
the control of
France








After
England lost control of
France
Longbow and cannon
undermined value of
knights and castles
Parliament gained power of
the purse
French royal power
extended
Greater sense of national
feelings
England look to overseas
trading ventures