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Birth of European Nation States Chapter 8 The High Middle Ages European monarchies ___________and began forming ___________________in the late ______________________ nation-states medieval period consolidated power England William the Conqueror Leader of the Norman Conquest United most of England Domesday Book England King Henry II (1154-1189) Common Law had its beginnings during his reign Strengthened the Royal Courts Unified Legal System England King John (1199-1216) Signed the Magna Carta, (Great Charter) Limited the power of the king Guaranteed certain basic political rights No Taxation without representations Jury Trial Protection of the laws Considered the basic rights both in England and United States The 100 Years’ War between England and France helped define England as a nation. This king united most of England. __________________ This king was forced by nobles to sign the Magna Carta _______________ This King strengthened the Royal Courts & unified the legal system ___________ 1. King John 1. King Henry II 1. William the Conqueror France Hugh Capet established the French throne in Paris His dynasty gradually expanded their control over most of France. Joan of Arc was unifying factors Spain Ferdinand and Isabella unified the country and expelled Muslim Moors Spanish Empire in the Western Hemisphere expanded under Philip II Russia Ivan the Great threw off the rule of the Mongols Centralized power in Moscow Expanded the Russia nation Power was centralized in the hands of the Tsar The Crusades War to Free the Holy Land The Crusades http://app.discoveryeducation.com/pl ayer/view/assetGuid/A9E671CC03D1-44E8-8813-70193A8636377 Goal of the Crusades Desire to free the Holy Land Desire to win wealth and land Search for adventure Europeans’ desire to escape trouble at Home Key Events Alexius I - Byzantine emperor, asked Pope Urban II for help Urban’ s calls for a “holy war” to free the holy Land 1096 Pope Crusades First and Second Crusades Capture of Jerusalem, 1099 Set up 4 Crusader states Lost Jerusalem to Saladin 1187 Third Crusade, European tried but failed to recapture Jerusalem Richard the Lionhearted First Crusade Effects of the Crusades Economy Increased trade Money economy grew Monarchy Increase power of feudal monarchs Could collect taxes to support the Crusades Feudalism declined because power became more centralized Effect of Crusades on the Church Church Rise of Pope power Roman and Eastern Churches splits Worldview Increased contact with other peoples Increased travel by Europeans Wider world views The End of the Middle Ages 100 Years’ War Who England and France Causes Edward III claimed the Crown of England Outcome Set England and France on different paths Greater sense of national feelings Key Events Long Bow and Cannon Joan of Arc Parliament in England gained power Black Death The Bubonic Plague Impact of the Black Death Decline in population Scarcity of labor Towns freed from Feudal obligations Decline of Church influence Disruption of trade Hundred Years’ War Before Castles offered adequate protection Armored Knights dominated battlefield England and France battle for the control of France After England lost control of France Longbow and cannon undermined value of knights and castles Parliament gained power of the purse French royal power extended Greater sense of national feelings England look to overseas trading ventures