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- Nottingham ePrints
- Nottingham ePrints

... The siege and conquest of Almeria ....................................................................................... 185 The sources for the conquest of Almeria............................................................................... 189 The conquest of Tortosa............................ ...
http://www - West Windsor-Plainsboro Regional School District
http://www - West Windsor-Plainsboro Regional School District

... defeat Saladin once again. Because of Richard's need for departure and because the resources of both Richard and Saladin were very low, they reached a three-year truce on 2 September 1192, in which the Christians had to give up a small portion of their gains and Christian pilgrims would be allowed t ...
Bohemond I of Antioch
Bohemond I of Antioch

... fighting the infidel, gathering a large army in the process. Henry I of England famously prevented him 5 Wars between Antioch and the from landing on English shores, so great was his pull expected to be on the English nobility. His newfound Byzantine Empire status won him the hand of Constance, the ...
AS and A-level History Scheme of work 1A
AS and A-level History Scheme of work 1A

... Make a chart of the problems facing the empire after Manzikert including issues such as civil war, the rule of Michael VII and Nikephoros III, external threats from the Seljuk Turks, Normans and Pechenegs. Explore Alexius I's responses to each of the problems facing the empire: domestic challenges, ...
Cathar or Catholic: Treading the line between popular
Cathar or Catholic: Treading the line between popular

... the pope himself. Raimond was immediately blamed for the crime, despite a lack of any clear evidence of his guilt. Innocent sent a new wave of letters to the various kings of Christendom notifying them that swift action must be undertaken to punish Peter’s killers and crush the heretics once and fo ...
power point
power point

... breaks truce to raid Muslim caravans • Guy of Lusignan: King of Jerusalem un-able/ willing to punish Reynald Karak Castle, Jordan ...
The First Crusade
The First Crusade

... armybeforeit reached Nicaea seem vitiated by confusionwith the peasants' may be gleaned fromFulcher of Chartres'eyecrusade.But some information witnessaccountofthe situationat Nicaea: 'Then out ofmanyarmies,one army was therecreated,whichthose who were skilledin reckoningestimatedat six hundredthous ...
The Great Men of Christendom: The Failure of the Third Crusade
The Great Men of Christendom: The Failure of the Third Crusade

... from all three kingdoms involved, as well as from chroniclers on the Muslim side. For the purposes of this project, two particular sources will be used: the Itinerarium Peregrinorum et Gesta Regis Ricardi and the Old French La Continuation de Guillaume de Tyr (1184-1197). In the Forward to her trans ...
The Medieval papacy, crusading, and heresy, 1095-1291
The Medieval papacy, crusading, and heresy, 1095-1291

... The impetus for the First Crusade began in 1095 at the Council of Clermont when Pope Urban ii (1088–1099) preached a sermon calling for an armed pilgrimage to the Near East to support Byzantine Christians against the Seljuk Turks and liberate the Holy Land, particularly Jerusalem. His preaching at C ...
author copy - for personal use only
author copy - for personal use only

... The impetus for the First Crusade began in 1095 at the Council of Clermont when Pope Urban ii (1088–1099) preached a sermon calling for an armed pilgrimage to the Near East to support Byzantine Christians against the Seljuk Turks and liberate the Holy Land, particularly Jerusalem. His preaching at C ...
The Crusades
The Crusades

... Even though Jerusalem had fallen to the conquering Arabs in 637, their initial tolerance had allowed Christians to make pilgrimages to the holy shrines of their faith. But that began to change after the Turks soundly defeated the Byzantines (Greeks) in ...
Anna Comneno, the Alexiad and the First Crusade 1 By her own
Anna Comneno, the Alexiad and the First Crusade 1 By her own

... been freer to collect evidence after the death of her brother, the Emperor John, in 1143 for she also tells us: 'there are m~n still olive today who knew ml father and tell me of his deeds. They have, in fact, rmde a not inconsiderable contribution to the history ... '. 9 Further, both Buckler and C ...
BERNARD OF CLAIRVAUX AND THE KNIGHTS TEMPLAR: THE
BERNARD OF CLAIRVAUX AND THE KNIGHTS TEMPLAR: THE

... events of the crusades do have some legitimate ties to conflicts between the European countries and the Middle East, it is important for historians to view the events, and the actions and words of individuals from those events, in their own time, without any preconceived notions about the motivation ...
Introduction
Introduction

... sade took place in the late 1200s. Historians identify seven separate Crusades, although there were two other highly irregular Crusades that are not generally numbered. The exact number is not important, for the Crusades were a single extended conflict that was fought over the course of two centurie ...
Richard I and Saladin
Richard I and Saladin

... shock of Saladin’s victories at Hattin and Jerusalem that prompted the Third Crusade. The crusade was led by the three most powerful monarchs in the Latin West: Richard I of England, Philip II of France and Frederick I of Germany. This potentially gave the crusade enormous strength, but things did ...
jihad
jihad

... – Three-year truce signed (September 2, 1192) Richard I “the Lionheart” (r. 1189-1199) ...
jihad
jihad

... – Included knights, ordinary people – Going on “pilgrimage” – Very expensive undertaking! – Sought expiation of sin, sanctification – Vowed to take up cross in defense of Church, faith – Engaged in “just,” “holy” war Praying Knight of “Westminster Psalter” (13th cent.) ...
Thomas F. Madden
Thomas F. Madden

... “Food and the Fourth Crusade: A New Approach to the ‘Diversion Question,’” in Logistics of Warfare in the Age of the Crusades, John H. Pryor, ed. (Brookfield: Ashgate Publishing, 2006): 209-28. “Venice, the Papacy, and the Crusades before 1204,” in The Medieval Crusade, Susan J. Ridyard, ed. (Woodbr ...
Reader`s Guide
Reader`s Guide

... Crusade took place in the late 1200s. Historians identify seven separate Crusades, although there were two other highly irregular Crusades that are not generally numbered. The exact number is not important, for the Crusades were a single extended conflict that was fought over the course of two centu ...
Origins and Lines of the Order - Masonic High Council the Mother
Origins and Lines of the Order - Masonic High Council the Mother

... Notes: The Order (the first, the Order of the Temple), was an outside expression of the Order of Spiritual Knighthood. That Inner Tradition is not lined in this graphic, it's its source and exists for itself. There were several divisions in the Order of Fontes (1970 to 1983) that resulted in many o ...
ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE OF A MASS CRUSADE
ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE OF A MASS CRUSADE

... • Arrange the car parks so that there is order. • Ushers should help to clear the road for easy access of the speaker, his team and Executive Committee members. • Help take up the offering – passing basket around • Helps watch who puts up their hands during the altar call and encourages them to go f ...
Sample Paper 1 Exam Preparation chapter from Conquest, control
Sample Paper 1 Exam Preparation chapter from Conquest, control

... Raymond III remained as regent, but now ruled on behalf of the young Baldwin V. This meant the kingdom had two weak rulers between 1185 and 1186 that required someone else to rule on their behalf. In fact, Baldwin died too soon to properly secure the succession as he did not live long enough for Bal ...
the Crusades
the Crusades

... betrayed the Crusaders, leading them into a deathtrap at the hands of Moslem forces – few even made it to the Holy Lands • and those who did make it ended up fighting with the heirs of the crusaders from the First Crusade ...
Crusades - Delivery guide
Crusades - Delivery guide

... and contentious. A popularised image of the crusades conjures up medieval knights, castles, fanatical Templars, the horrors of the Fall of Jerusalem in 1099 and figures such as Richard ‘the Lionheart’ and Saladin. This is, however, a restricted view of events. In one of its fullest interpretations, ...
The Christian Crusades 1095-1291
The Christian Crusades 1095-1291

... The feudal system came to an end. ...
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Battle of Nicopolis



The Battle of Nicopolis (Turkish: Niğbolu Muharebesi) took place on 25 September 1396 and resulted in the rout of an allied crusader army of Hungarian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Wallachian, French, Burgundian, German and assorted troops (assisted by the Venetian navy) at the hands of an Ottoman force, raising of the siege of the Danubian fortress of Nicopolis and leading to the end of the Second Bulgarian Empire. It is often referred to as the Crusade of Nicopolis as it was one of the last large-scale Crusades of the Middle Ages, together with the Crusade of Varna in 1443–1444.
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