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- Nottingham ePrints
- Nottingham ePrints

... The Normans and the Conquest of Barbastro ........................................................................ 81 Was the Barbastro campaign a crusade? ............................................................................... 90 Chapter III Decline and revitalization of the Norman Particip ...
The Crusades - Amherst College
The Crusades - Amherst College

... These books are on sale at Amherst Books and are also on reserve in the College Library. Additional readings, particularly of crucial primary sources, are provided on E-Reserve. ...
AS and A-level History Scheme of work 1A
AS and A-level History Scheme of work 1A

... these skills but are neither exhaustive nor exclusive. They are intended as suggestions only from which teachers might select. It is not expected that teachers would have time to cover all of these activities. ...
The Great Men of Christendom: The Failure of the Third Crusade
The Great Men of Christendom: The Failure of the Third Crusade

... Crusade from its conception to its conclusion. It is my intention to show that the participation of monarchs in the Third Crusade had an adverse effect on the outcome of the Crusade. Whatever positive aspects of monarchical involvement in the Third Crusade were to be had can be seen at the beginning ...
The First Crusade
The First Crusade

... the Holy Land had always attractedthem. Religious motiveswould influence themjust as theydid pious laymen,and forsomeclericsmaterialconsiderations would weighno less heavily.There was also a hordeofrestlessspiritsamongthe westernclergy,who foundthemselvesconstrainedand chafingundertheincreasingburde ...
EUH 3122
EUH 3122

... also set up an appointment. The best way to get in touch with me, home or office, is by email, though it may take up to two days for me to get back to you. If you call my office, leave a voicemail with your name and number and I will get back to you. Please, do not call me at home. Plagiarism Plagia ...
power point
power point

... 16 and wealthy men • Threatens to kill everyone and destroy holy sites • Population ransomed • Rededication of Muslim holy sites al-Aqsa Mosque, Jerusalem ...
BERNARD OF CLAIRVAUX AND THE KNIGHTS TEMPLAR: THE
BERNARD OF CLAIRVAUX AND THE KNIGHTS TEMPLAR: THE

... and aided in its creation because he saw it as the ultimate answer to the conflict between Christianity and the military way of life. The separation between the Christian ideal and the violence inherent to the European culture was a wall that had existed for too long and had withstood any argument p ...
Anna Comneno, the Alexiad and the First Crusade 1 By her own
Anna Comneno, the Alexiad and the First Crusade 1 By her own

... took the oath to become a vassal of her father . This appears to confirm the testimony of both the Gesta and the work of Raymond of Aguilers which tell us that Raymond refused the oath of homage, but eventually offered satisfactory assurances for the security of the emperor and his lands . 48 Anna's ...
Thomas F. Madden
Thomas F. Madden

... “St. Francis and the Crusades.” Invited Lecture, The Missouri Catholic Conference, Jefferson City, Missouri, September 28, 2013. “The Medieval Military Orders: Conviction Amid Contradiction.” Invited Lecture, Annual Meeting of the Northern Lieutenancy of the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre, D ...
Richard I and Saladin
Richard I and Saladin

... examples in For the classroom. Challenge students to study the events of the Third Crusade and to make their minds up about Richard: how far was he the great crusader portrayed in the images? The enquiry could be structured around: 1. Richard’s background and his decision to take the cross in 1187; ...
The Medieval papacy, crusading, and heresy, 1095-1291
The Medieval papacy, crusading, and heresy, 1095-1291

... Latin churches.6 However, the sermon at Clermont had other consequences, especially as the knightly class were not the only Christians who responded to Urban’s message. Dreadful pogroms against Jews broke out following Urban’s call, as a result of a “Peasants’ Crusade” led by a monk named Peter the ...
Sample Paper 1 Exam Preparation chapter from Conquest, control
Sample Paper 1 Exam Preparation chapter from Conquest, control

... There is no choice in Section C, which is concerned with the historical interpretations you have studied linked to the question “What impact did the Reagan presidency (1981-89) have on the USA in the years 1981-96?” You will be given two sources totalling around 300 words (printed separately) and th ...
A Calculated Crusade: Venice, Commerce, and the Fourth Crusade
A Calculated Crusade: Venice, Commerce, and the Fourth Crusade

... the two sides would be forced to live in peace together. While the war had been founded on cultural incompatibility and religious opposition, neither side could justify genocide. When Christians had gained firm control of the Holy Land and had established the Crusader States, they allowed Muslims an ...
author copy - for personal use only
author copy - for personal use only

... Latin churches.6 However, the sermon at Clermont had other consequences, especially as the knightly class were not the only Christians who responded to Urban’s message. Dreadful pogroms against Jews broke out following Urban’s call, as a result of a “Peasants’ Crusade” led by a monk named Peter the ...
ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE OF A MASS CRUSADE
ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE OF A MASS CRUSADE

... • Arrange the car parks so that there is order. • Ushers should help to clear the road for easy access of the speaker, his team and Executive Committee members. • Help take up the offering – passing basket around • Helps watch who puts up their hands during the altar call and encourages them to go f ...
The Crusades
The Crusades

... each following a different commander and often speaking different languages. ...
crusade
crusade

... The pope of the RCC, Urban II, also read the letter. Urban then calls for a crusade to gain control of the Holy Land from the Muslims. ...
SIEGE WARFARE DURING THE CRUSADES by BETSY TREVOR
SIEGE WARFARE DURING THE CRUSADES by BETSY TREVOR

... crusaders performed remarkably well. ...
THE TRADE AND EXCHANGE OF CERAMICS ACROSS THE
THE TRADE AND EXCHANGE OF CERAMICS ACROSS THE

... Those involved in the German Crusade were known mainly for their commitment to a series of Jewish massacres performed as the Crusaders were heading east to Constantinople. Some historians believe that these attacks on Jewish populations were provoked primarily by greed, while others accept that the ...
Crusaders Under Siege - University of Central Arkansas
Crusaders Under Siege - University of Central Arkansas

... By the 2nd of June, 1098, Crusading armies of the West during the First Crusade had been laying continuous siege to the Turkish-held city of Antioch for nearly 8 months. On the 2nd, they took the city of Antioch only to find they were themselves under siege in the very city they had fought so hard t ...
the Crusades
the Crusades

... If you had been there, you would have seen our feet colored to our ankles with the blood of the slain. But what more shall I relate? None of our people were left alive: neither women nor children were spared . . . And after they were done with the slaughter, they went to the Sepulcher of the Lord to ...
jihad
jihad

... How can we best describe Latin-Greek relations in light of the Crusades?  How can we compare/contrast the Muslim jihad with the Christian Crusades?  How can we compare/contrast the Crusades and the Reconquista? ...
Crusaders in Khaki: Britain, the Crusades, and the First World War
Crusaders in Khaki: Britain, the Crusades, and the First World War

... crusades would often get sidetracked, with the most notorious example being the Fourth, which declined to invade the Holy Land, and instead attacked the Byzantines and took Constantinople, establishing a short lived state centered on Constantinople, the “Latin Empire”.7 After the fall of Acre, the f ...
THE 20-th CENTURY
THE 20-th CENTURY

... How shall I begin to tell of the deeds done by these wicked men? They trampled the images underfoot instead of adoring them. They threw the relics of the martyrs into filth…. They broke into bits the sacred altar of Santa Sophia, and distributed it among the soldiers. When the sacred vessels and th ...
1 2 3 4 5 ... 26 >

Rhineland massacres



The call for the First Crusade touched off the Rhineland massacres also known as the German Crusade of 1096, the persecutions of 1096 or Gezeroth Tatenu Gezeroth Tatenu גזרות תתנ""ו - Hebrew for the edicts of 856, which occurred during the year of 4856 according to the Jewish calendar. Prominent leaders of crusaders involved in the massacres included Peter the Hermit and especially Count Emicho. As part of this persecution, the destruction of Jewish communities in Speyer, Worms and Mainz were noted as the ""Hurban Shum"" (Destruction of Shum). These were new persecutions of the Jews in which peasant crusaders from France and Germany attacked Jewish communities. A number of historians refer to the antisemitic events as ""pogroms"".According to David Nirenberg, the events of 1096 in the Rhineland ""occupy a significant place in modern Jewish historiography and are often presented as the first instance of an antisemitism that would henceforth never be forgotten and whose climax was the Holocaust.""
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