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L. CORNELIUS SULLA Military Dictator SULLA! • He served under Marius in the 100s before transferring to a different commander and was distinguished in helping defeat Jugurtha. • He was one of the main commanders responsible for ending the Marsic war against the Italians (trying to gain Roman citizenship for all Italians). • Elected Consul in 88 and was sent to protect Asia from Mithridates of Pontus. COMPLICATED! • Marius wanted to take the army to fight Mithridates, whose political allies tried to stop Sulla’s command through legislation. • Sulla marched on Rome with his army to crush dissent for his command, declared Marius forces enemies of the state, and was therefore able to embark. • He went on to fight in the east for the next several years. COMPLICATED! • While Sulla was away, Marius made his march upon Rome and subsequently died. Election of consuls resumed, but the senate was getting nervous about Sulla’s power. • In 83 Sulla landed in Italy and began his move against Rome. The senate and other political institutions broke apart along party lines and civil war broke out (enter Crassus and Pompey!). • In 82 pro-Marian forces (led by C. Marius’ son, C. Marius) were defeated. • Sulla declared himself dictator with no term limit (officially done by the senate). DICTATORSHIP! • But the senate was pretty devastated by both sides during the war. It wasn’t exactly a free institution. • And then there were thee constitutional reforms which – took power from the tribunes – increased courts (especially to prosecute treason) – decreased the power of magistrates by making more magistrates Proscription! In 79 he retired; in 78 he died.