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107 BC MARIUS Marius rises to power “New Man” from Equites class General that was successful in the Jugurthan War in North Africa o Popularity and support increased Marius removed “land requirements” to serve in army o he also gave land to his soldiers Sulla was a successful lieutenant under Marius Sulla felt Marius was taking credit that belonged to Sulla rivalry developed between Marius and Sulla SOCIAL WAR Rome’s Italian Allies were wanting “Full Citizenship” fought loyally for Rome and wanted to be rewarded Drussus proposed citizenship for Rome’s “Italian Allies” o Senate opposed feared it would give “outsiders” too much power o Italian Allies knew they would now have to fight 90 BC Social War (“socios” Latin for ally) Sulla led Roman military 89 BC Rome granted FULL CITIZENSHIP to its Italian allies 88 BC Sulla elected Consul Member of Optimates Sulla given command of armies in Asia Minor SULLA Marius felt he should have been given command and used the Plebeian Assembly to overturn Sulla’s command and become commander Sulla rushed back to Rome o used “Centuriate Assembly” to regain power o killed supporters of Marius…Marius fled to Africa o after re-establishing control…Sulla returned to Asia Minor Marius was called back by Consul Cinna killed Sulla’s supporters 86 BC Marius was elected Consul for 7th time…died shortly after 83 BC Sulla returned to Rome with his military defeated the “Senatorial Army” became “Dictator” Sulla used “Proscription Lists” o “Reign of Terror” SULLA 78 BC Sulla died “No friend ever served me, and no enemy every wronged me, whom I have not repaid in full” POLITIACL PRECEDENTS OF MARIUS AND SULLA 1) Use of MILITARY to gain political power 2) Development of armies loyal to GENERALS not ROME 73 – 71 BC SPARTACUS led a “slave army” against Rome trained as a “gladiator” escaped and developed an army o 120,000 Crassus was leader of Roman legion that finally defeated the “slave army” Crassus member of 1st Triumvirate 6000 were crucified crucifixes lined roads leading into cities served as “warning billboards” DON’T MESS WITH ROME!!!!!