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Transcript
MCMP 422: Immunology • Class MWF 11:30-12:20 • Instructors – Dr. Geahlen – Dr. Harrison – Dr. Hazbun (RHPH 406D, 496-8228, [email protected]) • Objectives • Course Policies • Grading Peter Parham The Immune System Second Edition Chapter 1 Elements of the Immune System and their Roles in Defense Copyright © 2005 by Garland Science Publishing Chapter 1 Summarizes all of immunology Read Chapter 1 for a complete foundation Before class: Read the textbook in general and try to understand all the terminologies in bold. During class: Take good notes because I will be adding information that will be tested Lecture Concepts What components make up the immune system? Cells, organs, cytokines and molecules involved in the immune system What is the goal of the immune system? To clear pathogens and cancer cells in our body How do we classify immune responses? Innate and adaptive immune responses What are the side effects of the immune system? Autoimmune diseases, Allergies, Transplantation Rejection • Immunology: the science of how the body responds to foreign organisms (e.g. pathogens) or substances (e.g. allergen) •Immune system: the organs, cells and molecules that defend and respond to pathogens/allergens 1. Tissues/organs 2. Cells 3. Blood borne proteins Origin of Immunology - individuals who survived a disease seemed to be untouched upon re-exposure Vaccination/Immunization - procedure where disease is prevented by deliberate exposure to infectious agent that cannot cause disease. Figure 1-2 How Clean are You? Part of body Head (scalp) Surface of skin Saliva Nose mucus Faeces Bacteria 1,000,000 /cm2 1000 /cm2 100,000,000 /g 10,000,000 /g over 100,000,000 /g Diversity of Pathogens • Four Classes • Opportunistic pathogens • Pathogen-Host relationship Defenses against Pathogens Physical Defenses 1. Skin 2. Mucosal surfaces Immune Defenses 1. Innate 2. Adaptive Figure 1-4 Immunity: Basic Parts Recognition (Binding event) Pathogen (Foreign) Signal Immune disorders (Self) Effector mechanisms Effector Cells Complement Innate immunity - “naïve” everyday immunity Acquired immunity - “specialized” immunity How Immunity Works Figure 1-5 part 1 of 2 Complement Effector cell Endocytosis Figure 1-5 part 2 of 2 Innate Immunity Figure 1-6 Cytokines Inflammation Phagocytosis Inflammatory cells What if Innate Immunity is not Enough? • Innate immunity keeps us healthy most of the time • Some pathogens escape the innate immune process • Need a specific system to adapt to a specific pathogen • Adaptive immune response Characteristics of Innate vs Adaptive Immunity Figure 1-7 Lymphocytes - white blood cells that increase the immune response to ongoing infection Innate vs Adaptive Molecular Recognition • Most important difference: Receptors used to recognize pathogens • Innate immunity: Receptors recognize conserved structures present in many pathogens Pathogen-associated Molecular Patterns: LPS, peptidoglycan, lipids, mannose, bacterial DNA and viral RNA • Adaptive immunity: Receptors recognize a specific structure unique to that pathogen Lymphocyte Amplification 1. Each cell = one receptor 2. Millions of lymphocytes are generated 3. Small subset will recognize a pathogen 4. Proliferation and differentiation 5. Acquired immunity - the adaptive immunity provided by immunological memory Flowchart of Hematopoiesis Figure 1-11 part 1 of 2 Flowchart of Hematopoiesis Figure 1-11 Myeloid Lineage Granulocytes (Myeloid progenitor) Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMLs) Figure 1-9 Neutrophils: partMost 3 abundant of 6 Phagocyte Effector cells of Innate Immunity Short-lived - Pus Eosinophils: Worms/intestinal parasites Amplify inflammation Bind IgE Very Toxic - Pathogen and host Chronic asthma Basophils: Rare Unknown function Bind to IgE Figure 1-9 part 5 of 6 Lymphoid Lineage Cells Figure 1-9 part 2 of 6 Lymp Figure 1-9 part 1 of 6 Figure 1-9 part 6 of 6 Figure 1-11 Figure 1-10 Figure 1-11 part 2 of 2 Figure 1-12 Figure 1-13 Figure 1-14 Figure 1-15 Figure 1-16 Figure 1-17 Figure 1-17 part 1 of 2 Figure 1-17 part 2 of 2 Figure 1-18 Figure 1-19 Figure 1-19 part 1 of 2 Figure 1-19 part 2 of 2 Figure 1-20 Figure 1-21 Figure 1-21 part 1 of 2 Figure 1-21 part 2 of 2 Figure 1-22 Figure 1-23 Figure 1-24 Figure 1-24 part 1 of 2 Figure 1-24 part 2 of 2 Figure 1-25 Figure 1-26 Figure 1-26 part 1 of 2 Figure 1-26 part 2 of 2 Figure 1-27 Figure 1-27 part 1 of 4 Figure 1-27 part 2 of 4 Figure 1-27 part 3 of 4 Figure 1-27 part 4 of 4 Figure 1-28 Figure 1-28 part 1 of 3 Figure 1-28 part 2 of 3 Figure 1-28 part 3 of 3 Figure 1-29 Figure 1-29 part 1 of 2 Figure 1-29 part 2 of 2 Figure 1-30 Figure 1-31 Figure 1-31 part 1 of 3 Figure 1-31 part 2 of 3 Figure 1-31 part 3 of 3 Figure 1-32 Figure 1-33 Figure 1-34