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13-3 Cell Transformation Recombinant DNA Host Cell DNA Target gene Modified Host Cell DNA Slide 1 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 13-3 Cell Transformation Transforming Bacteria What happens during cell transformation? Slide 2 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 13-3 Cell Transformation Transforming Bacteria During transformation, a cell takes in DNA from outside the cell. The external DNA becomes a component of the cell's DNA. Slide 3 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 13-3 Cell Transformation Transforming Bacteria Foreign DNA is first joined to a small, circular DNA molecule known as a plasmid. Plasmids are found naturally in some bacteria and have been very useful for DNA transfer. Slide 4 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 13-3 Cell Transformation Transforming Bacteria The plasmid has a genetic marker—a gene that makes it possible to distinguish bacteria that carry the plasmid (and the foreign DNA) from those that don't. Slide 5 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 13-3 Cell Transformation Applications of Genetic Engineering If transformation is successful, the recombinant DNA is integrated into one of the chromosomes of the cell. Slide 6 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 13-3 Cell Transformation Transforming Bacteria Recombinant DNA Gene for human growth hormone Gene for human growth hormone Human Cell Bacterial chromosome DNA Sticky ends recombination DNA insertion Bacteria cell Plasmid Bacteria cell containing gene for human growth hormone Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 7 of 21 End Show 13-3 Cell Transformation Genetic Engineering and Recombinant DNA 1. Plasmid is removed from donor (bacteria) 2. DNA is removed from human cell 3. The DNA is cut for insertion into the plasmid 4. The plasmid is snipped to make a place to insert the human DNA 5. A recombinant DNA is formed 6. The plasmid is inserted into host/donor (bacteria) cell 7. Host cell reproduces and contains the human DNA into the plasmid Slide 8 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 13-3 Click to Launch: Continue to: - or - Slide 9 of 21 End Show Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 13-3 Plasmids can be used to transform a. bacteria only. b. plant cells only. c. plant, animal, and bacterial cells. d. animal cells only. Slide 10 of 21 End Show Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 13-3 An unknowing pioneer in the concept of cell transformation was a. Luther Burbank. b. Frederick Griffith. c. Oswald Avery. d. James Watson. Slide 11 of 21 End Show Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 13-3 One reason plasmids are useful in cell transformation is that they a. are found in all types of cells. b. prevent gene replication. c. counteract the presence of foreign DNA. d. have genetic markers indicating their presence. Slide 12 of 21 End Show Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 13-3 A common method of determining whether bacteria have taken in a recombinant plasmid is to a. introduce them into plant cells. b. introduce them into animal cells. c. treat them with an antibiotic. d. mix them with other bacteria that do not have the plasmid. Slide 13 of 21 End Show Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 13-3 Successful transformation of an animal or a plant cell involves a. the integration of recombinant DNA into the cell’s chromosome. b. changing the cell’s chromosomes into plasmids. c. treating the cell with antibiotics. d. destroying the cell wall in advance. Slide 14 of 21 End Show Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall END OF SECTION