Download Chapter 1 Key Terms: Section 1: Cells and Homeostasis Cells

Chapter 1 Key Terms:
Section 1: Cells and Homeostasis
Cells- The basic unit of structure and function in a living thing
Cell membrane- the outside boundary of the cell
Nucleus- the control center that directs the cell’s activities and contains the information
that determines the cell’s form and function
Cytoplasm- the material within the cell apart from the nucleus, made up of a clear
jellylike substance containing many cell structures called organelles
Tissue- a group of similiar cells that perform the same function
Muscle tissue- can contract and shorten
Nervous tissue- carries electrical message back and forth between the brain and other
parts of the body
Connective tissue- provides support for your body and connects all its parts
Epithelial tissue- covers the surfaces of the body, inside and out
Organ- a structure composed of different kinds of tissue
Organ system- a group of organs that work together to perform a major function
Homeostasis- the body’s tendency to keep internal balance
Stress- the reaction of your body to potentially threatening, challenging, or disturbing
events
Section 2: Skeletal System
Skeleton- framework of body, made up of all the bones in your body
Vertebrae- 26 small bones that make up your back bone
Joint- place where two bones come together
Ligament- strong connective tissues that hold movable joints together
Cartilage- connective tissue that protects the ends of bones and keeps them from
rubbing together
Compact bone- the hard and dense part of bones
Spongy bone- inner layer of bone that has many small spaces within it
Marrow- soft connective tissue within the spaces of bones
Osteoporosis- a condition in which the body’s bones become weak and break easily
Section 4: Muscular System
Involuntary muscle- muscles not under our conscious control, control breathing and
digestion
Voluntary muscle- muscles under your conscious control
Skeletal muscle- attached to bones and provide force to move your bones
Tendon- strong connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone
Striated muscle- muscle tissue that appears banded (ex. Skeletal muscle)
Smooth muscle- involuntary muscle found in many internal organs
Cardiac muscle- found in your heart
Section 5: Integumentary System
Epidermis- the outer layer of the skin
Melanin- pigment, or colored substance, that gives skin its color
Dermis- the inner layer of the skin
Pore- openings in the surface of your skin
Follicle- structure in the dermis of your skin through which hair grows
Cancer- a disease in which some cells in the body divide uncontrollably