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A model for the induction of long-term potentiation at Schaffer collateral synapses A. During normal, low-frequency synaptic transmission glutamate released from the terminals of CA3 Schaffer collateral axons acts on both NMDA and AMPA receptors in the postsynaptic membrane of dendritic spines (the site of excitatory input) of CA1 neurons. Sodium and K+ flow through the AMPA receptors but not through the NMDA receptors because their pore is blocked by Mg2+ at negative membrane potentials. B. During a high-frequency tetanus the large depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane (caused by strong activation of the AMPA receptors) relieves 2+, Na+, and K+ to flow through these channels. The resulting increase of Ca2+ in the dendritic spine the Mg2+ blockade of Prefrontal the NMDACortex, receptors, allowing Caand Source: Hippocampus, the Biology of Explicit Memory Storage, Principles of Neural Science, Fifth Editon triggers calcium-dependent kinases—calcium/calmodulin–dependent kinase (CaMKII) and protein kinase C (PKC)—as well as the tyrosine kinase Fyn, Citation: Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM, Siegelbaum SA, Hudspeth AJ, Mack S. Principles of Neural Science, Fifth Editon; 2012 Available leading to induction of LTP. at: http://mhmedical.com/ Accessed: May 11, 2017 C. Second-messenger activated during induction of LTP have two main effects on synaptic transmission. Phosphorylation through activation of Copyright ©cascades 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved protein kinases, including PKC, enhances current through the AMPA receptors, in part by causing insertion of new receptors into the spine synapses. In