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Long term potentiation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vso9jgfpI_c
1. Hippocampus regions: CA1/ CA3
2. Memory processing begins in these areas
3. Pyramidal neurons, get passed out to the cortex
4. Long term potentiation: Cellular, molecular underpinngs of memory
5. Most commonly studied at CA1/CA3
6. Post syn: Receptors (AMPA and NMDA): Localized together at many post syn sites and are
activated with Glutamate
7. NMDA receptor: Permeability to Calcium and Sodium but blocked by Magnesium, prevents ions
passing thru
8. Action potential: Release glutamate and binds to receptors
9. Small release of glutamate: AMPA receptors open—slight depolarization (NMDA not enough
for response)—studying just a little bit, not activating high action potential
10. More study, more glutamate, higher frequency axn potential
11. AMPA: higher depolarization, repels Mg (electrostatic repulsion) allows both Na and Ca to
come through, pre and post syn event for channel to open
12. LTP: Strengthen the connection btwn 2 neurons. Secondary cascades
13. Inc CA: 2 phases 1) CA binds to proteins to activate more receptors, only insert when large
influx of CA—these last only a few hours; 2) prolonged CA, gene expression and new proteins—
AMPA receptors and synthesis of growth factorsadd more synapses between CA1/CA3
neurons. These can last 24 hours to a lifetime
14. LTP is not a mechanism, but an outcome of the inc activity between two neurons; result in more
receptors and more connections to create greater depolarization.
15. Hippocampus is not only place for memory formation, cortex
16. Fire same pathways, inc pre syn activity and post syn activation