Download Specific Immune Defense

Specific Defenses
of the Immune System
“Your body is under constant attack from microscopic invaders that can make you sick. Yet most of the time, you remain
healthy. How is this so? In this investigation you will learn how your immune response works.”
Understanding the immune response requires knowing the different types of cells and structures necessary in defeating a
foreign invader. Use your book, the internet, and the word bank below to match the terms with their description.
Who or What is it???
A simple sketch
Description
A roving invader that infects tissue cells by injecting its own DNA
into your cells
A substance that causes an immune response; usually found on the
surface of a pathogen like a name-tag identifying it as harmful
A specific type of white blood cell that detects viruses, destroys them,
and then displays the viral antigen on its own surface
An immune cell that will bind to a macrophage that is displaying a
viral antigen. This cell will then activate other essential immune cells
such as B cells and killer T cells
A chemical that is secreted by helper T cells to stimulate the division
of killer T cells
An immune cell that kills infected cells by punching holes in them
An immune cell that can make a specific antibody to target a
pathogen
Sticky proteins that bind to antigens and tag them for future
destruction by macrophages
Cells that slow down the immune response once the pathogen has
been defeated
Immune cells that remain active in the body and are ready to
respond rapidly if the body encounters the same pathogen again
Word Bank:
interleukin
antigen
antibody
suppressor cells
macrophage
memory cells
B cell/plasma cell
helper T cell
killer T cell/cytotoxic T cell
virus
Animation #1
1. Virus infects tissue cell.
2. Infected tissue cell explodes, releasing viruses.
3. Infection is unchecked.
Summarize what just happened here.
Animation #2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Virus infects tissue cell.
Infected tissue cell explodes, releasing viruses.
Macrophage encounters virus, engulfs it, and displays antigen from the virus.
Helper T cell encounters macrophage displaying antigen.
Helper T cell matches antigen on macrophage.
Helper T cell releases interleukin.
Killer T cells respond by reproducing.
B cell encounters macrophage/helper T cell complex.
Macrophage/helper T cell complex is complete. Communication to killer T cells is active. B cells are ready to
produce antibodies.
B cells produce antibodies.
Antibodies bind to virus.
Killer T cell destroys infected tissue cell.
Macrophage engulfs virus and displays antigen.
First challenge by virus is defeated.
What was this all about???
Animation #3
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Antibodies bind to virus.
Macrophage encounters virus with bound antibodies.
Macrophage engulfs virus and displays antigen.
Virus infects tissue cell.
Infected tissue cell explodes, releasing viruses.
Killer T cell destroys infected tissue cell.
Second challenge by virus is defeated.
Why was this immune response different from the response shown in Animation #2?
What was different?
Animation #4
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
RED ALERT!! HIV disables helper T cell. Communication to killer T cells and B cells is broken.
Virus infects tissue cell.
Infected tissue cell explodes, releasing viruses.
Macrophage encounters virus and displays antigen.
Infection is unchecked.
Specifically, how does HIV affect the immune response?