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Climate Dynamics (METEO 470, 3 credits) Course Syllabus for Spring 2014 Instructor: Michael E. Mann, Department of Meteorology, 514 Walker Building, [email protected] Teaching Assistant: Sreece Goldberger, Department of Meteorology, 418 Walker Building, [email protected] Meeting Time/Place: TuTh 1:00-2:15P (103 Walker) Office Hours: You are encouraged to use email for questions when possible. You are welcome to visit my office for questions during scheduled office hours (Wed 1:00-2:15 PM), or by appointment. Motivation: In order to under and model the climate system, we need to understand the dynamics of the underlying components, including the atmosphere and ocean, and the mechanisms by which they are coupled. In this course, we will model the dynamics and thermodynamics governing the ocean and atmosphere on spatial and temporal scales appropriate for climate studies. We will investigate the processes by which the dynamics of the ocean and atmosphere are coupled on these timescales, with the goal of understanding the basic mechanisms of climate variability. Topics discussed will include the thermohaline and wind-driven ocean circulation, energy balance, the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), internal and forced climate variability, and climate change. Webpage We will regularly draw upon the course homepage as a resource for the course: http://www.meteo.psu.edu/~mann/Mann/courses/METEO4 70SPR14/index.html Aside from links to the course syllabus, there will be links to the readings, problem sets, slides from the lectures, and other course-related materials. Lectures Attendance of all lectures is expected. You are strongly encouraged to ask questions and participate constructively in class. Copies of slides from the lectures will usually be made available electronically through the course website (see above) within 2-3 days following the lecture. Textbook There is no required textbook. I recommend as a reference: Peixoto and Oort (1992), Physics of Climate, 2nd Edition, American Institute of Physics Press, 564pp. (suggested readings indicated in lecture schedule below). Where appropriate, supplementary readings taken from various sources will be posted on the course website. Grading Problem Sets (40%): There will be several (4) problem sets assigned that will involve applications of topics covered in class. You may discuss the problems with each other, but the problem set you turn in should reflect your own individual effort. “Up In the Air” Project (10%): You will participate in a project (in teams of 2-3 students) aimed at producing content (related to some aspect of the course) for use in the Meteorology Department’s new “Up In the Air” Television program. Projects are **DUE MARCH 21**. Each project team will give a short presentation sometime after Spring Break (mid March through mid April). Mid-Term Exam (20%): There will be a mid-term examination roughly mid-way through the semester. Final Exam (30%): There will a final examination for the course at the scheduled time and date. LECTURE SCHEDULE (tentative and subject to change) 1 2 DATE T Jan 14 R Jan 16 T Jan LECTURE TOPIC Introduction READING 1; 2 ASSIGNMENT “Up in the Air” workshop [Media Commons, W140 Pattee Library] Math & Stat review; Equations 3.1-3.2.1 PS #1 Assigned 6 21 R Jan 23 T Jan 28 R Jan 30 T Feb 4 7 R Feb 6 8 T Feb 11 R Feb 13 T Feb 18 R Feb 20 T Feb 25 R Feb 27 T Mar 4 R Mar 6 T Mar 11 R Mar 13 T Mar 18 R Mar 20 T Mar 25 R Mar 27 T Apr 1 3 4 5 G1 9 G2 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 G3 R Apr 3 T Apr 8 G4 R Apr of Motion Equations of Motion (cont) Energy Equation 3.4.1 Equation of State (for Atmosphere) Filtering of Governing Equations (for Atmosphere) Large-Scale Atmospheric Circulation Large-Scale Atmospheric Circulation (continued) Guest Lecture: Ice Sheet Dynamics (David Pollard) Hydrological cycle; Salinity; Equation of State for Ocean Guest Lecture: Tracers of Ocean Circulation (Ray Najjar) Filtering of Governing Equations (for Ocean) Mid-term 3.5;3.5.1 Large-scale Ocean Circulation— Ekman transport Large-scale Ocean Circulation— Ekman circulation No Class [Spring Break] 3.2.3;8 3.2.2 PS #1 Due 3.2.2; 7 PS #2 Assigned 3.5.2;12;12.1.112.5.2 PS #2 Due 3.2.3 No Class [Spring Break] Large-scale Ocean Circulation— Sverdrup transport Large-scale Ocean Circulation— gyre circulation Large-scale Ocean Circulation— thermohaline circulation (THC) Climate Modeling: Energy Balance Models Climate Modeling: Energy Balance Models (cont) Climate Modeling: Energy Balance Models (cont) Guest Lecture: Early Earth Climate Evolution (Jim Kasting) Guest Lecture: Paleoclimatology PS #3 Assigned 6-6.3; 6.6-6.8; 10-10.7 Supplemental Readings Supplemental Readings PS #3 Due PS #4 Assigned 20 G5 21 22 23 24 10 T Apr 15 R Apr 17 T Apr 22 R Apr 24 T Apr 29 R May 1 (Byron Steinman) Climate Modeling: El Nino/Southern Oscillation Guest Lecture: Proxy Records of El Nino (Byron Steinman) Climate Modeling: El Nino/Southern Oscillation (cont) Climate Modeling: Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Models Climate Modeling: Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Models Anthropogenic Climate Change Supplemental Readings Supplemental Readings Supplemental Readings PS #4 Due