Radiative Forcing of Climate Change
... (notably the SAR; see also Hansen et al. (1997a) and Shine and Forster (1999)) have discussed the rationale for this definition and its application to the issue of forcing of climate change. The salient elements of the radiative forcing concept that characterise its eventual applicability as a tool ...
... (notably the SAR; see also Hansen et al. (1997a) and Shine and Forster (1999)) have discussed the rationale for this definition and its application to the issue of forcing of climate change. The salient elements of the radiative forcing concept that characterise its eventual applicability as a tool ...
Impact of two different types of El Niño events on runoff over the
... of the two types of El Niño on regional hydroclimate are different (Li et al., 2011; Mo, 2010; Yu and Zou, 2013; Yu et al., 2012). For example, the conventional EP-El Niño events caused a northeast-to-southwest, positive anomaly to negative anomaly shift in winter temperature across the US whereas t ...
... of the two types of El Niño on regional hydroclimate are different (Li et al., 2011; Mo, 2010; Yu and Zou, 2013; Yu et al., 2012). For example, the conventional EP-El Niño events caused a northeast-to-southwest, positive anomaly to negative anomaly shift in winter temperature across the US whereas t ...
A new approach to mapping permafrost and change incorporating
... substance. The impact of climate change on permafrost distribution was recognized a long time ago (Wild, 1882) and is now an important issue for northern land use planning, infrastructure development, and global climate projections (ACIA, 2005). Woo et al. (1992) estimated the shift in boundaries of ...
... substance. The impact of climate change on permafrost distribution was recognized a long time ago (Wild, 1882) and is now an important issue for northern land use planning, infrastructure development, and global climate projections (ACIA, 2005). Woo et al. (1992) estimated the shift in boundaries of ...
the transcript of the APS climate change statement review workshop
... run a panel discussion for as long as it ...
... run a panel discussion for as long as it ...
Behaviour of the monsoon-ENSO system in current and future
... This thesis examines the impact of sea-surface temperature (SST) errors in the Indo-Pacific regions on the coupled simulation of the Asian summer monsoon in HadCM3. Limited-area ocean surface heat flux adjustments are used in the tropical band to reduce these biases. The result is a better teleconne ...
... This thesis examines the impact of sea-surface temperature (SST) errors in the Indo-Pacific regions on the coupled simulation of the Asian summer monsoon in HadCM3. Limited-area ocean surface heat flux adjustments are used in the tropical band to reduce these biases. The result is a better teleconne ...
Estimation of the direct radiative forcing due to sulfate and soot
... and Rayleigh scattering are from WMO (1985). The extra terrestrial solar spectrum is taken from Frohlich and London (1986). Three cloud layers are assumed in the calculations, where no overlap between the cloud layers are taken into account. We follow the approach of Lacis and Mishchenko (1995) in t ...
... and Rayleigh scattering are from WMO (1985). The extra terrestrial solar spectrum is taken from Frohlich and London (1986). Three cloud layers are assumed in the calculations, where no overlap between the cloud layers are taken into account. We follow the approach of Lacis and Mishchenko (1995) in t ...
Dynamics, Stratospheric Ozone, and Climate Change
... ozone distribution is approximately the same in the two hemispheres (Fig. 1 of Fioletov (this issue)). Below about 30 km (and during polar night), the lifetime of ozone is comparable to, or longer than, transport time scales and ozone is strongly affected by transport. Because most ozone is found in ...
... ozone distribution is approximately the same in the two hemispheres (Fig. 1 of Fioletov (this issue)). Below about 30 km (and during polar night), the lifetime of ozone is comparable to, or longer than, transport time scales and ozone is strongly affected by transport. Because most ozone is found in ...
Why Uncertainty Matters - Discounting under Intertemporal Risk
... The paper makes three contributions to theory and shows how these contributions affect policy analysis. First, I show a close formal similarity between a model disentangling risk aversion from a decision maker’s propensity to smooth consumption over time, and a model disentangling risk attitude from ...
... The paper makes three contributions to theory and shows how these contributions affect policy analysis. First, I show a close formal similarity between a model disentangling risk aversion from a decision maker’s propensity to smooth consumption over time, and a model disentangling risk attitude from ...
Scoping study: Modelling the interaction between mitigation and adaptation
... already have implemented some adaptation measures). Adaptation, however, is a complex process, implemented by organisations and society, generally at the local or national scale. Its feasibility and costs differ greatly across sectors and regions, and even locally within regions. There are limits to ...
... already have implemented some adaptation measures). Adaptation, however, is a complex process, implemented by organisations and society, generally at the local or national scale. Its feasibility and costs differ greatly across sectors and regions, and even locally within regions. There are limits to ...
Climate Change and Aspen
... communities as the canary in the coal mine for global warming. Aspen’s goal: to aggressively reduce its contribution to global warming, and to engage other communities to send a clear message on the importance of this issue. Data for the past 50 years collected at Aspen’s weather station, and compil ...
... communities as the canary in the coal mine for global warming. Aspen’s goal: to aggressively reduce its contribution to global warming, and to engage other communities to send a clear message on the importance of this issue. Data for the past 50 years collected at Aspen’s weather station, and compil ...
The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) - e-Learning
... NAO is of high interest for meteorologists. Unfortunatly, it is still unclear which mechanisms are driving NAO. Due to this, short-term predictability has been impossible so far. In view at climate change, long-term modeling of future NAO development became the focus of recent NAO research. Some mod ...
... NAO is of high interest for meteorologists. Unfortunatly, it is still unclear which mechanisms are driving NAO. Due to this, short-term predictability has been impossible so far. In view at climate change, long-term modeling of future NAO development became the focus of recent NAO research. Some mod ...
World Climate Conference-3
... articles in the Bulletin may be reproduced without authorization provided that the complete source is clearly indicated. Editorial correspondence and requests to publish, reproduce or translate articles in part or in whole should be addressed to the Editor. The designations employed in the WMO Bulle ...
... articles in the Bulletin may be reproduced without authorization provided that the complete source is clearly indicated. Editorial correspondence and requests to publish, reproduce or translate articles in part or in whole should be addressed to the Editor. The designations employed in the WMO Bulle ...
China Meteorological Administration
... Participating in the central government decision-making process in meteorological disaster prevention, preparedness and mitigation; organizing a joint trans-regional and inter-departmental prevention campaign to combat major severe weather events; organizing and guiding the efforts to prevent and mi ...
... Participating in the central government decision-making process in meteorological disaster prevention, preparedness and mitigation; organizing a joint trans-regional and inter-departmental prevention campaign to combat major severe weather events; organizing and guiding the efforts to prevent and mi ...
Observed and Simulated Processes Linked to the Recent Climate
... intensified westerly anomaly influx from the Congo basin into the region. However, better understanding of the detailed changes in hydrological cycle will require comprehensive water budget analyses that require daily or sub-daily variables. The third part was the sub-regional analysis of precipita ...
... intensified westerly anomaly influx from the Congo basin into the region. However, better understanding of the detailed changes in hydrological cycle will require comprehensive water budget analyses that require daily or sub-daily variables. The third part was the sub-regional analysis of precipita ...
PDF
... We begin by sketching out a simple analytical framework which captures the interplay between GE and abatement in sufficiently general terms. We model SRM geoengineering as an uncertain process: as of today we do not know how effective it will be in substituting mitigation to control global warming. ...
... We begin by sketching out a simple analytical framework which captures the interplay between GE and abatement in sufficiently general terms. We model SRM geoengineering as an uncertain process: as of today we do not know how effective it will be in substituting mitigation to control global warming. ...
Climate Time Series Analysis
... is an exciting challenge. Analysis connects the two other fields where climate scientists work, measurements and models. Climate time series analysis uses statistical methods to learn about the time evolution of climate. The most important word in this book is “estimation.” We wish to know the truth ...
... is an exciting challenge. Analysis connects the two other fields where climate scientists work, measurements and models. Climate time series analysis uses statistical methods to learn about the time evolution of climate. The most important word in this book is “estimation.” We wish to know the truth ...
An improved dust emission model – Part 2
... per unit time and area, as predicted by a dust emission parameterization such as Gillette and Passi (1988), Marticorena and Bergametti (1995), or Kok et al. (2014). The dust source function S is a function of latitude and longitude, and usually shifts emissions towards the world’s most erodible regi ...
... per unit time and area, as predicted by a dust emission parameterization such as Gillette and Passi (1988), Marticorena and Bergametti (1995), or Kok et al. (2014). The dust source function S is a function of latitude and longitude, and usually shifts emissions towards the world’s most erodible regi ...
Working Paper 170 - Doda 2014 (opens in new window)
... global investment priorities, a group of top economists convened by the Copenhagen Consensus Center in 2012 ranked geoengineering research and development 12th among the 40 projects they were presented with, putting it ahead, for example, of eorts to develop an HIV vaccine. Popular media references ...
... global investment priorities, a group of top economists convened by the Copenhagen Consensus Center in 2012 ranked geoengineering research and development 12th among the 40 projects they were presented with, putting it ahead, for example, of eorts to develop an HIV vaccine. Popular media references ...
State-of-the-art review of frost deposition on flat surfaces
... combines each frost thickness data point along with their underlying experimental parameters such as: air temperature, wall temperature (cold source), relative humidity, air velocity, time and plate length (the plate length needs to be known for some models). Data points collected are averaged value ...
... combines each frost thickness data point along with their underlying experimental parameters such as: air temperature, wall temperature (cold source), relative humidity, air velocity, time and plate length (the plate length needs to be known for some models). Data points collected are averaged value ...
We Have Been Conned - The Science and Public Policy Institute
... Its reports are not an honest assessment of climate because they omit, dismiss or distort research findings that do not conform to a certain belief, and if those reports are supposed to focus only on any possible human influence on climate then why are they even mentioning other forces and where is ...
... Its reports are not an honest assessment of climate because they omit, dismiss or distort research findings that do not conform to a certain belief, and if those reports are supposed to focus only on any possible human influence on climate then why are they even mentioning other forces and where is ...
Variations in Cloud Cover and Cloud Types over the Ocean from
... or totally obscured by lower clouds; we obtain their frequencies of occurrence from a subset of observations in which their level was observable (Hahn and Warren 2009a). We define the upper levels as observable only when there is 6/ 8 or less low cloud cover. Table 1 lists the nine cloud groups that ...
... or totally obscured by lower clouds; we obtain their frequencies of occurrence from a subset of observations in which their level was observable (Hahn and Warren 2009a). We define the upper levels as observable only when there is 6/ 8 or less low cloud cover. Table 1 lists the nine cloud groups that ...
Interaction of impacts of doubling CO2 and changing regional land
... Atmosphere Model (CAM) version 2, the Parallel Ocean Program (POP), the Common Land Model (CLM) version 2, and the Community Sea Ice Model (CSIM) version 4.0.1. A flux coupler exchanges data between individual model components without flux correction (Kiehl and Gent, 2004). The CAM (Kiehl and Gent, ...
... Atmosphere Model (CAM) version 2, the Parallel Ocean Program (POP), the Common Land Model (CLM) version 2, and the Community Sea Ice Model (CSIM) version 4.0.1. A flux coupler exchanges data between individual model components without flux correction (Kiehl and Gent, 2004). The CAM (Kiehl and Gent, ...
Atmospheric model
An atmospheric model is a mathematical model constructed around the full set of primitive dynamical equations which govern atmospheric motions. It can supplement these equations with parameterizations for turbulent diffusion, radiation, moist processes (clouds and precipitation), heat exchange, soil, vegetation, surface water, the kinematic effects of terrain, and convection. Most atmospheric models are numerical, i.e. they discretize equations of motion. They can predict microscale phenomena such as tornadoes and boundary layer eddies, sub-microscale turbulent flow over buildings, as well as synoptic and global flows. The horizontal domain of a model is either global, covering the entire Earth, or regional (limited-area), covering only part of the Earth. The different types of models run are thermotropic, barotropic, hydrostatic, and nonhydrostatic. Some of the model types make assumptions about the atmosphere which lengthens the time steps used and increases computational speed.Forecasts are computed using mathematical equations for the physics and dynamics of the atmosphere. These equations are nonlinear and are impossible to solve exactly. Therefore, numerical methods obtain approximate solutions. Different models use different solution methods. Global models often use spectral methods for the horizontal dimensions and finite-difference methods for the vertical dimension, while regional models usually use finite-difference methods in all three dimensions. For specific locations, model output statistics use climate information, output from numerical weather prediction, and current surface weather observations to develop statistical relationships which account for model bias and resolution issues.