Climate change impacts on the flow regimes of rivers in
... streamflow as long as the glaciers are present, but also to earlier disappearance of glacier ice and consequently reduced streamflow when the glacier covered area is smaller. The glacier covered areas of the catchments were treated as time-variant with initial ice volumes and glacier covered areas m ...
... streamflow as long as the glaciers are present, but also to earlier disappearance of glacier ice and consequently reduced streamflow when the glacier covered area is smaller. The glacier covered areas of the catchments were treated as time-variant with initial ice volumes and glacier covered areas m ...
Hydrological drought across the world: impact of climate and
... ecosystems. The 2010 Amazon drought showed that repeated drought may largely influence tropical forests that can shift from buffering a CO2 increase into accelerating it, which can have important decadal-scale impacts on the global carbon cycle (Lewis et al., 2011). Drought differs from other hazard ...
... ecosystems. The 2010 Amazon drought showed that repeated drought may largely influence tropical forests that can shift from buffering a CO2 increase into accelerating it, which can have important decadal-scale impacts on the global carbon cycle (Lewis et al., 2011). Drought differs from other hazard ...
Briefing report
... That the world’s climate is changing is irrefutable. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change stated in its most recent Assessment Report that it is very likely that the changes we have seen and measured are the result of anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases. While there may be some oppo ...
... That the world’s climate is changing is irrefutable. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change stated in its most recent Assessment Report that it is very likely that the changes we have seen and measured are the result of anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases. While there may be some oppo ...
Predicting the impact of ocean acidification on coral reefs
... Gattuso et al. (1999) was the first paper to model impact of OA on coral reefs. They compiled calcification vs. Varag data on four datasets on temperate and tropical coralline algae, two datasets on scleractinian corals and one on a coral reef community. Six of 7 datasets clearly showed a linear or ...
... Gattuso et al. (1999) was the first paper to model impact of OA on coral reefs. They compiled calcification vs. Varag data on four datasets on temperate and tropical coralline algae, two datasets on scleractinian corals and one on a coral reef community. Six of 7 datasets clearly showed a linear or ...
8.1MB - Climate Change 2013
... This chapter assesses the scientific literature on projected changes in major climate phenomena contingent on global mean temperatures continue to rise and more specifically their relevance for future change in regional climates. Regional climates are the complex result of processes which vary stron ...
... This chapter assesses the scientific literature on projected changes in major climate phenomena contingent on global mean temperatures continue to rise and more specifically their relevance for future change in regional climates. Regional climates are the complex result of processes which vary stron ...
Understanding the Forecast Second Edition David Archer d
... challenging environmental issue human kind has ever faced, because CO2 emission is at the heart of how we produce energy, which is pretty much at the heart of our modern standard of living. The agricultural revolution, which supports a human population of 6 billion people and hopefully more, has at ...
... challenging environmental issue human kind has ever faced, because CO2 emission is at the heart of how we produce energy, which is pretty much at the heart of our modern standard of living. The agricultural revolution, which supports a human population of 6 billion people and hopefully more, has at ...
original articles aaem
... information for managing and preventing allergic symptoms. The effect of recent climate warming on vegetation phenology and aerobiology is an important issue which is being taken into account in climate-change studies [28, 53]. Because Quercus pollen emission is a springtime phenomenon, pollen seaso ...
... information for managing and preventing allergic symptoms. The effect of recent climate warming on vegetation phenology and aerobiology is an important issue which is being taken into account in climate-change studies [28, 53]. Because Quercus pollen emission is a springtime phenomenon, pollen seaso ...
India - Met Office
... cited supporting literature, were mostly based on global studies. This was to ensure consistency, whilst recognising that this might not always provide enough focus on impacts of most relevance to a particular country. Although time available for the project was short, generally all the material ava ...
... cited supporting literature, were mostly based on global studies. This was to ensure consistency, whilst recognising that this might not always provide enough focus on impacts of most relevance to a particular country. Although time available for the project was short, generally all the material ava ...
View PDF - CiteSeerX
... more broad/y defined ones because as envelopes decrease in size, their average migration rates will increasingly approximate the migration rates of envelope boundaries themselves. The implication is that, all else being equal, species with smaller climatically determined ranges will need to attain h ...
... more broad/y defined ones because as envelopes decrease in size, their average migration rates will increasingly approximate the migration rates of envelope boundaries themselves. The implication is that, all else being equal, species with smaller climatically determined ranges will need to attain h ...
Guidelines on Analysis of extremes in a changing climate in support
... It is important to note that this guide does not cover every type of extreme. It focuses on weather and climate extremes that are defined as rare events within the statistical reference distribution of particular weather elements at a particular place (Houghton and others, 2001). The extremes in thi ...
... It is important to note that this guide does not cover every type of extreme. It focuses on weather and climate extremes that are defined as rare events within the statistical reference distribution of particular weather elements at a particular place (Houghton and others, 2001). The extremes in thi ...
World Bank Document
... methodology and use of comparable municipal information could allow analysts to monitor the progress of new adaptation policies for climate change within the agricultural sector. ...
... methodology and use of comparable municipal information could allow analysts to monitor the progress of new adaptation policies for climate change within the agricultural sector. ...
SJmaintext
... Projecting the impact of future climate change on population persistence hinges on good measurements and thorough understanding of species’ susceptibility to climate change, which are critical to both the quality of science and its application to public policy (Berteaux et al. 2006). The goal of thi ...
... Projecting the impact of future climate change on population persistence hinges on good measurements and thorough understanding of species’ susceptibility to climate change, which are critical to both the quality of science and its application to public policy (Berteaux et al. 2006). The goal of thi ...
CIRES-Climate Change - Colorado Water Conservation Board
... the natural variability observed in long-term and paleoclimate records However, warming temperatures may have increased the severity of droughts and exacerbated drought impacts. (Sections 4, 5) • Because global climate models do not represent the complexity of Colorado’s topography, researchers are ...
... the natural variability observed in long-term and paleoclimate records However, warming temperatures may have increased the severity of droughts and exacerbated drought impacts. (Sections 4, 5) • Because global climate models do not represent the complexity of Colorado’s topography, researchers are ...
Weather-Related Disasters and International Migration
... We develop a theory for the role of weather-related disasters in the pressures for international migration. Based on this theory, we develop an empirical model and estimate it for a large sample of country-pairs from 1986 to 2006. The model controls for the influence of traditional socioeconomic and ...
... We develop a theory for the role of weather-related disasters in the pressures for international migration. Based on this theory, we develop an empirical model and estimate it for a large sample of country-pairs from 1986 to 2006. The model controls for the influence of traditional socioeconomic and ...
Exceptional twentieth-century slowdown in Atlantic
... An analysis of ten global climate models found that a surface temperature response in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre is a robust feature of AMOC variability, although the details of this response depend on the quality of representation of the AMOC (ref. 10). Figure 2 illustrates the high correlati ...
... An analysis of ten global climate models found that a surface temperature response in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre is a robust feature of AMOC variability, although the details of this response depend on the quality of representation of the AMOC (ref. 10). Figure 2 illustrates the high correlati ...
Total aerosol effect: radiative forcing or radiative flux perturbation?
... aerosol modelling, where it also seems desirable to treat “fast feedbacks” as part of the forcing. We note that the regression method may be useful for the evaluation of aerosol forcings in atmospheric models, but it also requires a mixed-layer or full ocean model, which not all groups have access t ...
... aerosol modelling, where it also seems desirable to treat “fast feedbacks” as part of the forcing. We note that the regression method may be useful for the evaluation of aerosol forcings in atmospheric models, but it also requires a mixed-layer or full ocean model, which not all groups have access t ...
Climate Projections FAQ
... science to anticipate expected changes, and understand what they mean to resources and management alternatives. As Chief Tidwell has reminded us, “sound climate science is the foundation for an effective management response.” Using science to help us deal with change is not new to us. We are a scien ...
... science to anticipate expected changes, and understand what they mean to resources and management alternatives. As Chief Tidwell has reminded us, “sound climate science is the foundation for an effective management response.” Using science to help us deal with change is not new to us. We are a scien ...
Climate projections FAQ - Eastern Forest Environmental Threat
... science to anticipate expected changes, and understand what they mean to resources and management alternatives. As Chief Tidwell has reminded us, “sound climate science is the foundation for an effective management response.” Using science to help us deal with change is not new to us. We are a scien ...
... science to anticipate expected changes, and understand what they mean to resources and management alternatives. As Chief Tidwell has reminded us, “sound climate science is the foundation for an effective management response.” Using science to help us deal with change is not new to us. We are a scien ...
Climate Change Associated Sediment Yield Changes on the Rio
... spring melting of the snowpack. These changes may not only impact surface water flows, but the interaction between surface water and ground water as well. Warmer temperatures are anticipated to both drive up evaporation rates and increase the length of the growing season, contributing to lower overa ...
... spring melting of the snowpack. These changes may not only impact surface water flows, but the interaction between surface water and ground water as well. Warmer temperatures are anticipated to both drive up evaporation rates and increase the length of the growing season, contributing to lower overa ...
Insights to Key Questions about Climate Change
... lead to large uncertainties in estimated accumulations of greenhouse gases and aerosols in the atmosphere, land-cover changes, and climate change (~1 to ~6oC) in 2100. Even with perfect science and perfect climate models, large uncertainties about future climates always will remain due to inherent u ...
... lead to large uncertainties in estimated accumulations of greenhouse gases and aerosols in the atmosphere, land-cover changes, and climate change (~1 to ~6oC) in 2100. Even with perfect science and perfect climate models, large uncertainties about future climates always will remain due to inherent u ...
Climate Futures for Tasmania: water and catchments technical report
... The reviewers’ role was solely advisory and should not be construed as an endorsement of the project findings by the reviewer or his /her employing organisation. Neither the reviewer nor his/her employing organisation provides any representation or warranty as to the accuracy or suitability of any p ...
... The reviewers’ role was solely advisory and should not be construed as an endorsement of the project findings by the reviewer or his /her employing organisation. Neither the reviewer nor his/her employing organisation provides any representation or warranty as to the accuracy or suitability of any p ...
Atmospheric model
An atmospheric model is a mathematical model constructed around the full set of primitive dynamical equations which govern atmospheric motions. It can supplement these equations with parameterizations for turbulent diffusion, radiation, moist processes (clouds and precipitation), heat exchange, soil, vegetation, surface water, the kinematic effects of terrain, and convection. Most atmospheric models are numerical, i.e. they discretize equations of motion. They can predict microscale phenomena such as tornadoes and boundary layer eddies, sub-microscale turbulent flow over buildings, as well as synoptic and global flows. The horizontal domain of a model is either global, covering the entire Earth, or regional (limited-area), covering only part of the Earth. The different types of models run are thermotropic, barotropic, hydrostatic, and nonhydrostatic. Some of the model types make assumptions about the atmosphere which lengthens the time steps used and increases computational speed.Forecasts are computed using mathematical equations for the physics and dynamics of the atmosphere. These equations are nonlinear and are impossible to solve exactly. Therefore, numerical methods obtain approximate solutions. Different models use different solution methods. Global models often use spectral methods for the horizontal dimensions and finite-difference methods for the vertical dimension, while regional models usually use finite-difference methods in all three dimensions. For specific locations, model output statistics use climate information, output from numerical weather prediction, and current surface weather observations to develop statistical relationships which account for model bias and resolution issues.