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Download Making sense of the vast Diversity of Life
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Organizing the diversity • Systematics; studying the diversity – Taxonomy to classify organisms & groups • Prokaryotic – – – – – Bacteria and bacteria-like Simpler Smaller cell size DNA without nucleus Cell wall & other crude protective layers – Lack organelles • Eukaryotic – Protista, Plants, Fungi, & Animals – Complex – >cell size; 10x larger – DNA in nucleus – Cell membrane • Some also have cell wall – Membrane bound organelles • specialization • Domains Bacteria & Archaea Domain Eukarya Bacteria • Morphology – Rods (bacilli) – Spheres (cocci) – Spirals • Feeding – Heterotrophic – Autotrophic • Photoautotrophic • Chemoautotrophic • Oxygen pathways – Aerobic – Anaerobic – Facultative anaerobic • Decomposers – Breakdown DOM – Ammonia → nitrate – N2 gas → NH4 → nitrate Archaea • Similar in shape and simplicity to Bacteria – Share some genetic similarities with Eukaryotes • Extremophiles – – – – Temperature (>/= 121o) Salinity pH e.g. hydrothermal vents Other fun marine microbes • Unicellular algae – Plant-like Protists – Mostly photosynthetic • Autotrophs converting light E to ATP – Primary producers – Planktonic • Drift in the water column Diatoms: Phylum Bacillariophyta • Silicon shell = frustule – Glass-like – 2 halves like a petri dish • Major planktonic 1o producer • Dead sink forming much of biogenous sediments Diatom reproduction Dinoflagellates • “spinning flagellates” – Grooved perpendicular flagella • Some produce toxins (like some diatoms) – Poison accumulates in shellfish; poisons consumers • Red tides • Bioluminescent • Zooxanthellae – Photosynthetic symbionts of anemones and corals • Chrysophyta – Silicoflagellates • Star shaped; silicon – Desmids • Pectin & silican walls • Golden or yellow • Coccolithorids – Calcium carbonate coccoliths • All are important planktonic 1o producers Emiliania huxleyi (E. huxleyi) Protozoans • Animal-like protists – Heterotrophs – Unicellular or colonial – Various forms • Foraminiferans – – – – Have a CaCO3 shell Thin extended pseudopods Planktonic or benthic Adds to the calcareous sediments • Radiolarians – Silica shells; thin pseudopods; planktonic; silicious sediments • Ciliates – Aggregate shells or sand particles – Crown of cilia Fungi • Heterotrophic – Decomposers • Breakdown DOM – Some parasitic – Some symbiotic • w/ algae &/or cyanobacteria • = Lichens • Fungi provide structure & support (home); algae provides photosynthesis products (sugars)
