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Endosymbiosis and the “Tree of Life” The Tree of Life Eukarya Animals Fungi Plants Archaea Bacteria Other bacteria Proteobacteria Crenarchaeota Euryarchaeota Other single cell eukaryotes Endosymbiotic Theory Evidence suggests that eukaryotes obtained their mitochondria and chloroplasts by engulfing bacterial cells. Eventually, the engulfed bacterium gave up its ability to live on its own after some of its genes were transferred to the nucleus of the host cell. Lynn Margulis The Revised Tree of Life Three domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya Because lateral gene transfer is thought to have been common among the earth’s earliest organisms, the revised tree of life has some “untreelike” cross-links between branches. Animals BACTERIA Fungi Plants ARCHAEA Cyanobacteria Other bacteria EUKARYA Crenarchaeota Euryarchaeota Proteobacteria Algae Bacteria that gave rise to chloroplasts Hyperthermophillic bacteria Bacteria that gave rise to mitochondria Other single-cell eukaryotes
