Download Chap. 18 : Organizing Life - Fort Thomas Independent Schools

Chap. 17 : Organizing
Life
I. Taxonomy - classification system
of livng things based on a) structural
b) chemical c) genetic d) behavioral
and e) evolutionary relationships
A. Why have a classification system ?
1. To see how much alike or different
organisms are
 2. To better understand organisms
 3. To have a universal system and get rid of
common names. Ex. Polecat, jellyfish, wooly
bear
B. Taxonomists
1. Aristotle – divided living things into 2
groups : plant and animal

Plant
herbs
shrubs trees
Animal
land air
water
2. Carl Linnaeus – Father of Taxonomy
--- made up the system of binomial
nomenclature (2-word naming system that
makes up an organism’s scientific name)
--- Scientific name = Genus + species
(derived from latin)
C. Classification System
-Dancing kings play chess on fine green stools.
-- Dumb king Phillip came over from Glasgow,
Scotland.
1. Domain
a. Bacteria – prokaryotic, true bacteria ex. Strept, e.coli
b. Archae – ancient bacteria
c. Eukarya – eukaryotic cells. Plants, animals, fungi
2. Kingdom – 6 total
a. Eubacteria - true bacteria
b. Archeabacteria – bacteria of extremes
b. Protista – one-celled usually, water
environments, eukaryotes, ex. Amoebas,
paramecium, euglena, algae.
c. Fungi – multicellular, feed off dead things,
ex. Mushrooms, mold, mildew, ring worm
d. Plantae – trees, flowers
e. Animalia – us
3. Phylum- called divisions in plants
4. Class
5. Order
6 Family
7. Genus
8. species – can interbreed and produce a viable
offspring.
-- race – subgroup of a species. Breeds in dogs
D. Human Classification
Domain - Eukarya
Kingdom – Animalia
Phylum - Chordata – backbone
Class – Mammalia – produce milk
Order – Primate – have opposable thumb
Family – Hominidae – walk upright
Genus – Homo – highly developed brain
Species – sapiens – modern man