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MONTGOMERY COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE CHAPTER 10: CLASSIFICATION OF MICROORGANISMS LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Define taxonomy and phylogeny Discuss the advantages of the three-domain system List the characteristics of Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya Classification of viruses Compare and contrast classification and identification of bacteria Explain the purpose of Bergey’s Manual I. TAXONOMY II. A. Definition: The science of the classification and nomenclature of living things B. Uses: 1. Universal language versus common names 2. Establishes the relationship between one group of organisms and another 3. Allows us to differentiate between these groups of organisms DOMAINS A. Phylogeny is the evolutionary history of a group of organisms B. In 1978 Carl R. Woese proposed elevating the three cell types to a level above kingdom, called DOMAIN C. Classification By Cell Type Universal Ancestor CELL Cell Type Cell Wall Antibiotic Sensitivity *rRNA loop Examples Domain Bacteria Domain Archaea Domain Eukarya E. coli Methanosarcina Candida albicans *Binds to ribosomal protein F:\sci\je\Chapter10-Microorganisms 1 D. Kingdoms 1. Procaryotes (Bacteria and Archea): None Assigned 2. Eucaryotes 4 Kingdoms Fungi Protists Examples: Helminths Algae E. Animalia Protozoa Characteristics Of Eukarya 1. Kingdom Fungi Absorptive chemoheterotrophs that develop from spores 2. Kingdom Protists mostly unicellular a. Algae b. Protozoa F:\sci\je\Chapter10-Microorganisms 2 (Plantae) (Not covered in BIO 140) 3. Kingdom Animalia Multicellular ingestive heterotrophs 4. Kingdom Plantae Multicellular photoautotrophs III. IV. CLASSIFICATION OF MICROBES A. Prokaryotes: Bacteria and Archaea Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology B. Eukaryotes – see II. C. Viruses IDENTIFYING BACTERIA: STANDARD REFERENCE IS BERGEY’S MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY A. Morphological Characteristics B. Differential Staining C. Biochemical Testing D. Serology E. DNA Probes (Nucleic Acid Hybridization) F. PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) F:\sci\je\Chapter10-Microorganisms 3 V. CLASSIFICATION METHODS FOR BACTERIA A. Differential Staining B. DNA Base Composition C. rRNA Sequencing D. PCR E. DNA Probes (Nucleic Acid Hybridization) F:\sci\je\Chapter10-Microorganisms 4