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GENETICS WORKSHEET 1. In a certain organism, the gene for tall, T, is dominant to the gene for short, t. Write the genotype and the phenotype for an organism that is A) heterozygous, B) homozygous dominant, and C) homozygous recessive. 2. What is the probability of tossing a coin and getting heads three times in a row? 3. What is the probable ratio of alleles (M:m) produced in the gametes of an organism with the genotype A) MM, B) Mm, and C) mm ? 4. In a certain plant, yellow fruit, Y, is dominant to white fruit, y. A heterozygous plant with yellow fruit is crossed with a plant with white fruit. Determine the probable genotypic and phenotypic ratios resulting from this cross. 5. In four-o’clocks, the gene for red flowers, R, is incompletely dominant to the gene for white flowers, r. The heterozygous condition results in pink flowers. A gardener crosses two red four-o’clocks. What are his expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios? 6. In fruit flies, long wing, L, is dominant to short wing, l. Two long-wing flies produced 49 short-wing and 148 long-wing offspring. What were the probable genotypes of the parents? What proportion of the long-wing offspring should be heterozygous? 7. In man, brown eyes, B, are dominant to blue, b. A brown-eyed man marries a blue-eyed woman. They have eight children, all of whom are brown-eyed. What are the probable genotypes of each person in the family? 8. A blue-eyed man, both of whose parents were brown-eyed, marries a brown-eyed woman whose father was brown-eyed and whose mother was blue-eyed. They have one child who is blue-eyed. What are the most probable genotypes of the individuals mentioned? 9. A man and his wife are both heterozygous for brown eyes. They have six children, all of whom have blue eyes. How is this explained? What are the chances that their next child will have brown eyes? What are the chances that their next child will have blue eyes? 10. In Andalusian fowl, the gene for black plumage, B, is incompletely dominant to the gene for white plumage, b. The heterozygous condition results in blue plumage. List the genotypic and phenotypic ratios expected from the crosses (a) black X blue, (b) blue X blue, (c) blue X white. 11. In cattle, black coat color is dominant to white coat color. A farmer has a black male of undetermined genotype. How can the farmer determine the genotype of the male? 12. In guinea pigs, black coat color, B, is dominant to albino, b. Rough coat, R, is dominant to smooth coat, r. Two animals are selected for breeding. Their genotypes are BBRR and bbrr. A) Specify the genotypic and phenotypic ratios in the F1 generation, (b) specify the phenotype ratios in the F2 generation, and (c) specify the genotype and phenotype ratios among the offspring produced from crossing one of the F1 pigs with a pig having the genotype BBRr. 13. A black smooth guinea pig was mated with an albino rough guinea pig. Their offspring were black rough and black smooth. If these were the only types produced over a period of years in a number of matings, what was the probable genotype of each parent? 14. In fruit flies, red eye, R, is dominant to magenta, r. Long wing, L, is dominant to short wing, l. If a heterozygous red-eyed, short-winged male is bred with a magenta-eyed, heterozygous long-winged female, what percentage of their offspring should have magenta eyes and short wings? 15. What is the probable genotypic ratio among children born to a mother having the genotype IAi and a father with type AB blood? 16. One parent has type A blood and the other parent has type B blood. What are their genotypes if they produced a large number of children whose blood types were (a) all AB, (b) ½ AB and ½ B, (c) ½ AB and ½ A, (d) ¼ AB, ¼ A, ¼ B, ¼ O? 17. A woman with blood type B has a child with blood type O. What are the genotypes of the mother and child? Which genotypes could the father not have? 18. Explain how the cells of a human might contain two X chromosomes and one Y chromosome. What sex would the person be? 19. In humans, the gene for blood clotting, H, is dominant to the gene for hemophilia, h. The trait is sex-linked. A woman with normal blood clotting has four children. They are a normal son, a hemophiliac son, and two normal daughters. The father has normal blood clotting. What is the probable genotype of each member of the family? 20. In man, the gene for normal color vision, C, is dominant to the gene for red-green color blindness, c. The trait is sex-linked. The gene for brown eyes, B, is dominant to the gene for blue eyes, b. Calculate the probable genotypic and phenotypic ratios of the children born to a blue-eyed woman who is a carrier and a heterozygous brown-eyed man who is color blind.