Download Neoplasm

Neoplasm
1. For the first time in the experiment was proved the role of chemicals in the etiology of
tumors by
a) Banting and Best; +b) Yamagiwa, Ishikawa; c) Raus; d) Shoup; e) L.A.Zilber.
2. For the first time in the experiment was proved the role of viruses in the etiology of
tumors by
+a) Raus; b) Yamagiwa; c) Ishikawa; d) L.M.Shabad; e) L.A.Zilber.
3. The most correct statement is
+a) carcinogen is agent that causes tumor development;
b) carcinogen is only a chemical agent that causes the development of tumors;
c) carcinogen is substance which is secreted by tumor cells;
d) carcinogen is oncogene;
e) carcinogen is carcinogenic gene of oncovirus.
4. Endogenous chemical carcinogens are
a) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; +b) oxygen free radicals and nitrogen oxide; c)
aminoazocompounds; d) nitrosamines; e) simple chemical compounds.
5. An agent that enhances the action of carcinogens, but did not cause the development of
tumors:
a) procarcinogen; b) oncogene; c) protooncogene; d) anti-oncogene; +e) co- carcinogen.
6. Carcinogen belonging to the group of cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons:
+a) 3, 4- benzpyrene; b) beta-naphthylamine; c) diethylnitrosamine; d) urethane;
e) dimethylaminoazobenzene.
7. The primary, fundamental sign of malignant tumors is
a) cachexia; b) the systemic effects of the tumor on the body; +c) the invasive growth;
d) recurrence; e) negative effect of Pasteur.
8. Malignant tumors are characterized by
+a) suppression of the mechanisms of apoptosis; b) strengthening of the mechanisms of
apoptosis.
9. Biological features that are typical of malignant tumors
+a) uncontrolled proliferation of cells; +b) loss of "limit" of the division of the Heyflik;
c) expansive growth; +d) loss of contact inhibition; +e) invasive growth.
10. Specify the features characteristic of benign tumors
+a) does not give metastases and recurrences; b) an infiltrative tissue growth.
11. Infiltrative tissue growth is observed at
a) benign tumor growth; +b) malignant tumor growth;
c) hyperplasia; d) hypertrophy; e) regeneration.
12. Simplification of structural and chemical organization, reducing the differentiation of
tumor tissue is called
a) dysplasia; b) the increasing complexity; c) convergence; +d) anaplasia; e) hypertrophy.
13. Increasing the degree of malignancy is called
a) immortalization; b) promotion; +c) tumor progression; d) initiation;
e) malignant transformation.
14. Biochemical atypia of malignant tumor cells is characterized by:
+a) the weakening effect of Pasteur; +b) synthesis of embryonic proteins;
c) increasing the synthesis of tissue specific proteins in the cell;
+d) isoenzymological simplification; +e) intensive synthesis of oncoproteins.
15. A feature of tumor cells is
+a) reduced ability to transamination and deamination of amino acids;
b) reducing the capture of amino acids from the blood;
c) reduction of glucose uptake from the blood;
d) reduction of cholesterol uptake from the blood;
e) reduction of the synthesis of nucleic acids.
16. The characteristic of malignant tumor cells +a) increasing glucose uptake; b) reduction of glucose uptake.
17. Antigenic atypia of tumors include:
+a) synthesis of embryo-specific proteins; b) the phenomenon of substrate traps;
+c) synthesis of proteins, which are peculiar to other tissues; d) the negative effect of Pasteur;
e) increasing the synthesis of proteins of major histocompatibility complex.
18. Cancer cachexia is characterized by profound exhaustion of the organism
+a) yes; b) no.
19. Antigenic atypia of tumors include:
+a) synthesis of embryo-specific proteins; b) the phenomenon of substrate traps;
c) the phenomenon of Warburg; d) the negative effect of Pasteur;
e) increasing the synthesis of proteins of major histocompatibility complex.
20. It is not characteristic for malignant tumors
+a) synthesis of specific proteins; b) inactivation of suppressor gene of cell division (antioncogenes).
21. It is characteristic for malignant tumors
+a) inactivation of suppressor gene of cell division (anti-oncogenes); b) synthesis of specific
proteins.
22. Specify the second stage of tumor metastasis
a) avulsion one or a group of tumor cells from the primary tumor focus;
+b) transportation of cells through the lymphatic and blood vessels;
c) formation of the thromboembolus and fixing it to the wall of the vessel;
d) the yield of cells from the vessel, their implantation;
e) tumor progression.
23. Specify the correct sequence of stages of the carcinogenesis
+a) initiation, promotion, progression; b) promotion, initiation, progression;
c) progression, initiation, promotion; d) initiation, progression, promotions;
e) promotion, progression, initiation.
24. The initiation stage of carcinogenesis is
a) the qualitative changes of the properties of the tumor cells aside malignization; b) the
appearance of the more malignant clone of the cells; +c) transformation of the normal cell into
the tumor cell; d) the ability of tumor cells to metastasis; e) activation mechanisms of
antineoplastic resistance of the organism.
25. Leads to malignant transformation of cells:
+a) activation of oncogenes; +b) inhibition of anti-oncogenes; c) activation of apoptotic genes;
+d) formation of oncoproteins; e) activation of DNA repair systems.
26. Protooncogenes - is
+a) genes of proliferation and differentiation of the cells; b) genes which inhibit entry of cells
into mitosis; c) genes controlling biochemical processes in a tumor cell;
d) genes responsible for mechanisms of antineoplastic resistance;
e) genes responsible for DNA repair.
27. Leads to malignant transformation of cells:
+a) conversion of the protooncogene to oncogene; b) activation of anti-oncogenes; c)
inactivation of the genes of anti-apoptosis; d) activation of apoptotic genes; e) activation of
protooncogenes.
28. Activation of the oncogene is caused by
a) inflammation; b) hypoglycemia; +c) mutation; d) necrosis; e) hypoxia.
29. Oncogenes - is:
a) genes of apoptosis; b) genes controlling metabolism; c) inactive genes of the growth and
differentiation of cells; d) genes - suppressors of cell proliferation;
+e) modified protooncogenes, released out-of-control.
30. Antioncogene - is
a) genes that cause uncontrolled cell division; b) genes controlling metabolism; c) inactive genes
of the growth and differentiation of cells; +d) suppressor genes of cell proliferation; e) modified
protooncogenes, released out-of-control.
31. The second stage of carcinogenesis is called
+a) promotion; b) co-carcinogenesis; c) syn-carcinogenesis; d) initiation;
e) pro-carcinogenesis.
32. Metastasis of tumor cells occurs in stage
+a) progression; b) initiation; c) promotion.
33. Anti-transformative mechanisms of antineoplastic resistance of the organism are
a) limitation of the interaction of cells with carcinogens; +b) inhibiting the transformation of a
normal cell into a tumor cell; c) elimination of separated tumor cells; d) the destruction of the
tumor as a whole; e) activation of mechanisms of the specific immunological reactivity.
34. Select the properties that characterize the tumor cells
+a) the absence of contact inhibition of growth in a culture; b) strengthening the forces of
adhesion between cells; +c) reduction of the adhesion molecules on the cell membrane;
d) an increase in intracellular Ca ++; +e) reduction of cytoplasmic Ca ++.
35. What are the properties of oncoproteins?
+a) growth factors; +b) receptors of the growth factors; +c) membranous G-proteins;
d) chalones; +e) transmit of the growth signals on a DNA.
36. Specify the state of increased oncological risk:
a) acute inflammatory processes; +b) chronic inflammatory processes;
+c) irradiation of the body; +d) immunodeficiency states; e) vaccination of BCG.
37. What contributes to the growth of tumor cells?
a) the young age of the organism; +b) weakly expressed antigenic properties of tumor cells; c)
the production of TNF by the body; d) strengthening of processes
of the final differentiation of cells; e) activation of natural killer cells (NK-cells).
38. What features characterize the tumor progression?
+a) increasing anaplasia of the cells; +b) invasiveness; +c) infiltrative growth;
d) strengthening of processes of the final differentiation of cells;
e) strengthening of antigenic stimulation of the body by tumor cells.
39. What factors contribute to metastasis of tumor cells?
a) a high level of contact inhibition;
+b) production of collagenase type 4 by tumor cells;
c) strengthening of the cohesive forces between the cells of the tumor;
+d) reduction of adhesive molecules in the cytoplasmic membrane;
e) increase of the expression of molecules of the HLA-complex.