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Neoplasm 1. For the first time in the experiment was proved the role of chemicals in the etiology of tumors by a) Banting and Best; +b) Yamagiwa, Ishikawa; c) Raus; d) Shoup; e) L.A.Zilber. 2. For the first time in the experiment was proved the role of viruses in the etiology of tumors by +a) Raus; b) Yamagiwa; c) Ishikawa; d) L.M.Shabad; e) L.A.Zilber. 3. The most correct statement is +a) carcinogen is agent that causes tumor development; b) carcinogen is only a chemical agent that causes the development of tumors; c) carcinogen is substance which is secreted by tumor cells; d) carcinogen is oncogene; e) carcinogen is carcinogenic gene of oncovirus. 4. Endogenous chemical carcinogens are a) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; +b) oxygen free radicals and nitrogen oxide; c) aminoazocompounds; d) nitrosamines; e) simple chemical compounds. 5. An agent that enhances the action of carcinogens, but did not cause the development of tumors: a) procarcinogen; b) oncogene; c) protooncogene; d) anti-oncogene; +e) co- carcinogen. 6. Carcinogen belonging to the group of cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: +a) 3, 4- benzpyrene; b) beta-naphthylamine; c) diethylnitrosamine; d) urethane; e) dimethylaminoazobenzene. 7. The primary, fundamental sign of malignant tumors is a) cachexia; b) the systemic effects of the tumor on the body; +c) the invasive growth; d) recurrence; e) negative effect of Pasteur. 8. Malignant tumors are characterized by +a) suppression of the mechanisms of apoptosis; b) strengthening of the mechanisms of apoptosis. 9. Biological features that are typical of malignant tumors +a) uncontrolled proliferation of cells; +b) loss of "limit" of the division of the Heyflik; c) expansive growth; +d) loss of contact inhibition; +e) invasive growth. 10. Specify the features characteristic of benign tumors +a) does not give metastases and recurrences; b) an infiltrative tissue growth. 11. Infiltrative tissue growth is observed at a) benign tumor growth; +b) malignant tumor growth; c) hyperplasia; d) hypertrophy; e) regeneration. 12. Simplification of structural and chemical organization, reducing the differentiation of tumor tissue is called a) dysplasia; b) the increasing complexity; c) convergence; +d) anaplasia; e) hypertrophy. 13. Increasing the degree of malignancy is called a) immortalization; b) promotion; +c) tumor progression; d) initiation; e) malignant transformation. 14. Biochemical atypia of malignant tumor cells is characterized by: +a) the weakening effect of Pasteur; +b) synthesis of embryonic proteins; c) increasing the synthesis of tissue specific proteins in the cell; +d) isoenzymological simplification; +e) intensive synthesis of oncoproteins. 15. A feature of tumor cells is +a) reduced ability to transamination and deamination of amino acids; b) reducing the capture of amino acids from the blood; c) reduction of glucose uptake from the blood; d) reduction of cholesterol uptake from the blood; e) reduction of the synthesis of nucleic acids. 16. The characteristic of malignant tumor cells +a) increasing glucose uptake; b) reduction of glucose uptake. 17. Antigenic atypia of tumors include: +a) synthesis of embryo-specific proteins; b) the phenomenon of substrate traps; +c) synthesis of proteins, which are peculiar to other tissues; d) the negative effect of Pasteur; e) increasing the synthesis of proteins of major histocompatibility complex. 18. Cancer cachexia is characterized by profound exhaustion of the organism +a) yes; b) no. 19. Antigenic atypia of tumors include: +a) synthesis of embryo-specific proteins; b) the phenomenon of substrate traps; c) the phenomenon of Warburg; d) the negative effect of Pasteur; e) increasing the synthesis of proteins of major histocompatibility complex. 20. It is not characteristic for malignant tumors +a) synthesis of specific proteins; b) inactivation of suppressor gene of cell division (antioncogenes). 21. It is characteristic for malignant tumors +a) inactivation of suppressor gene of cell division (anti-oncogenes); b) synthesis of specific proteins. 22. Specify the second stage of tumor metastasis a) avulsion one or a group of tumor cells from the primary tumor focus; +b) transportation of cells through the lymphatic and blood vessels; c) formation of the thromboembolus and fixing it to the wall of the vessel; d) the yield of cells from the vessel, their implantation; e) tumor progression. 23. Specify the correct sequence of stages of the carcinogenesis +a) initiation, promotion, progression; b) promotion, initiation, progression; c) progression, initiation, promotion; d) initiation, progression, promotions; e) promotion, progression, initiation. 24. The initiation stage of carcinogenesis is a) the qualitative changes of the properties of the tumor cells aside malignization; b) the appearance of the more malignant clone of the cells; +c) transformation of the normal cell into the tumor cell; d) the ability of tumor cells to metastasis; e) activation mechanisms of antineoplastic resistance of the organism. 25. Leads to malignant transformation of cells: +a) activation of oncogenes; +b) inhibition of anti-oncogenes; c) activation of apoptotic genes; +d) formation of oncoproteins; e) activation of DNA repair systems. 26. Protooncogenes - is +a) genes of proliferation and differentiation of the cells; b) genes which inhibit entry of cells into mitosis; c) genes controlling biochemical processes in a tumor cell; d) genes responsible for mechanisms of antineoplastic resistance; e) genes responsible for DNA repair. 27. Leads to malignant transformation of cells: +a) conversion of the protooncogene to oncogene; b) activation of anti-oncogenes; c) inactivation of the genes of anti-apoptosis; d) activation of apoptotic genes; e) activation of protooncogenes. 28. Activation of the oncogene is caused by a) inflammation; b) hypoglycemia; +c) mutation; d) necrosis; e) hypoxia. 29. Oncogenes - is: a) genes of apoptosis; b) genes controlling metabolism; c) inactive genes of the growth and differentiation of cells; d) genes - suppressors of cell proliferation; +e) modified protooncogenes, released out-of-control. 30. Antioncogene - is a) genes that cause uncontrolled cell division; b) genes controlling metabolism; c) inactive genes of the growth and differentiation of cells; +d) suppressor genes of cell proliferation; e) modified protooncogenes, released out-of-control. 31. The second stage of carcinogenesis is called +a) promotion; b) co-carcinogenesis; c) syn-carcinogenesis; d) initiation; e) pro-carcinogenesis. 32. Metastasis of tumor cells occurs in stage +a) progression; b) initiation; c) promotion. 33. Anti-transformative mechanisms of antineoplastic resistance of the organism are a) limitation of the interaction of cells with carcinogens; +b) inhibiting the transformation of a normal cell into a tumor cell; c) elimination of separated tumor cells; d) the destruction of the tumor as a whole; e) activation of mechanisms of the specific immunological reactivity. 34. Select the properties that characterize the tumor cells +a) the absence of contact inhibition of growth in a culture; b) strengthening the forces of adhesion between cells; +c) reduction of the adhesion molecules on the cell membrane; d) an increase in intracellular Ca ++; +e) reduction of cytoplasmic Ca ++. 35. What are the properties of oncoproteins? +a) growth factors; +b) receptors of the growth factors; +c) membranous G-proteins; d) chalones; +e) transmit of the growth signals on a DNA. 36. Specify the state of increased oncological risk: a) acute inflammatory processes; +b) chronic inflammatory processes; +c) irradiation of the body; +d) immunodeficiency states; e) vaccination of BCG. 37. What contributes to the growth of tumor cells? a) the young age of the organism; +b) weakly expressed antigenic properties of tumor cells; c) the production of TNF by the body; d) strengthening of processes of the final differentiation of cells; e) activation of natural killer cells (NK-cells). 38. What features characterize the tumor progression? +a) increasing anaplasia of the cells; +b) invasiveness; +c) infiltrative growth; d) strengthening of processes of the final differentiation of cells; e) strengthening of antigenic stimulation of the body by tumor cells. 39. What factors contribute to metastasis of tumor cells? a) a high level of contact inhibition; +b) production of collagenase type 4 by tumor cells; c) strengthening of the cohesive forces between the cells of the tumor; +d) reduction of adhesive molecules in the cytoplasmic membrane; e) increase of the expression of molecules of the HLA-complex.