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Name______________________________ Shilala Notes Chapter 5 Cell Growth and Cell Division 5.5 Multicellular life pgs. 143 - 147 KEY CONCEPT What does the X represent? Cells work together to carry out complex functions. A. Multicellular organisms depend on interactions among different cell types ________________ are groups of cells that perform a similar function. ________________ are groups of tissues that perform a specific or related function. _________________ ________________ are groups of organs that carry out similar functions. What label should go at the X in the picture?___________________ Organ systems help an organism maintain homeostasis Example Plants need to maintain a specific water level or they can wilt and die Absorb water through roots and expel through Stomata in leaves B. Specialized cells perform specific functions. Cells develop into their mature forms through the process of _________ ________________________. Most cells contain a full set of DNA However, a cell differentiates among the genes and only uses certain ones Example - Making a specific meal DNA = a cookbook Different genes = different ingredients Different cells = different recipes A cell’s __________________ in an embryo helps determine how it will differentiate. Example animal cell Many rapid divisions after fertilization Cells migrate to specific region Begin to differentiate. Resemble hollow ball Label come cell types found at each layer Inner __________________ Middle_________________ Outer__________________ C. Stem cells can develop into different types of cells Stem cells are unique type of ____________ cells. They can come from adults and embryo’s Stem cells have the ability to: a) ______________ and _________________ themselves b) Remain _________________________________ in form c) Develop into a _____________________ of specialized cell types Stem cells are classified into ________ types. When stem cells divide they form 2 __________ cells or 1 stem cell and 1 ________________________ cell 1. Stem Cell Classification Stem cells can be classified by their ability, or potential to develop into different cells and tissues __________________________, or growing into any other cell type pluripotent, or growing into _________ cell type but a totipotent cell _______________________, or growing into cells of a closely related cell family 2. Adult Stem Cells (Somatic stem cell) Come from, _______________, liver, muscle, dental and even fat cells. Can even come from ______________________ and umbilical cord blood. Advantages of Adult stem cells Grown in ___________ Can be put directly into the body with very little chance of transplant ___________________ Less _________________________ issues May be ______________________ rather than multipotent Disadvantages ________ in number, difficult to ____________________ and tricky to ___________ in the lab May contain more ___________ abnormalities 3. Embryonic stem cells Come from donated embryo’s grown in a ________________ Result of In-vitro _______________________ Taken from _______________________ cells 3 – 5 day old embryos Called the ______________ ____________ mass Don’t have any ___________________ cell characteristics Advantages of ____________________ stem cells ______________________ Can be grown ______________________ in culture. Can become any of the ________ types of cells Disadvantages Body may ___________________ the cells Could grow unchecked and become a ______________ Kills the _________________ Creates ___________________ issues Do you think stem cell research should be legal or illegal? Explain what factor or factors you think are most important to make stem cell research legal or illegal. Defend your position in a paragraph on a separate piece of paper! Turn in for extra credit!