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Transcript
Justin Daigle, MA, BCBA, LBA Clinical Director The History of the World: Part 2 Step 1: The Nobel Prize • Russian Scientist that won Nobel Prize in science is to blame for ABA! • While studing the digestive process, he noticed something odd. • Pavlov discovered what is now called « Classical Conditioning » • Notice there is no consequence S R Stimulus Response Step 2: Laying Down the Law • E.L. Thorndike used Pavlovian principles to created what is now called The Law of Effect . • It was first published in 1905 • Discovered this effect by putting a cat in a puzzle box and observing the cat’s behavior. Step 2: Laying Down the Law • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vk6H7Ukp6T o • Thorndike - Law of Effect • Now we have a consequence and the beginning of a Skinner Box Step 3: Skinner • BF Skinner took what Thorndike created and decided to take it a step futhur. • Instead of cats and puzzle boxes, Skinner used rats and Skinner boxes. • Coined the terms like reinforcement and punishment • Started thinking about how these prinicples could be applied Step 3: Skinner • (According to Justin) • Skinner’s two biggest contributions – Shaping by Succesive Approximations – Function S Stimulus A Antecedent R Response P Postcedant B C Behavior Consequence Step 4: Skinner Ain’t Alone • Skinner was a great PR person for his theory of Behaviorism and what has been called Radical • But R.J. Herrnstein was also working off of Thorndike’s Law of Effect • Herrnstein discovered what is now called the Matching Law • Matching Law is complicated, but I will attempt to explain • Matching Law leads to Differential Reinforcement Step 4: Skinner Ain’t Alone • Skinner helped to define Applied Behavior Analysis • Herrnstein helped to define the Experimental Analysis of Behavior • JABA and JAEB (the twin journals of Behavior Analysis) Step 5: Lovaas • O. Ivar Lovaas had an idea! What if we take we learned from: – – – – Pavlov Skinner Thorndike Herrnstein • What if we applied it to individuals with Autism and other Develpmental Delays? Step 5: Lovaas • Now that you’ve read Lovaas’s landmark study, let’s talk about his contribution Summary • Skinner gets a lot of credit, though he is only one of a long line reseraches • Many put the official date of origin at 1913 – the year Watson published Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It. (Required reading in Intern 2) Summary • As we move forward, a fluency is expected in the use of some common terms such as stimuli, antecedent, postcedent, function, topography, response, & behavior. • Knowing the background helps. Next Week • • • • • Deadly Verbal Behavior Lecture Most hated and most loved Long, complex. Bring advil, bring snacks A live tiger will be released mid-way to ensure you are alert Next Week (if you guys want) • • • • Rachel – Cupcakes Ashley – Grayson – Justin –