Download Biological Sciences

Year 10 Science Course 2 Outline -Term 2
Text: Oxford Science 10
Biological Science - to be delivered in Term 2 (26th April to 30th June: 10 teaching weeks with weeks 7 & 8 being the Exam weeks)
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Week
Biological Sciences
The transmission of heritable characteristics from one generation to the next involves DNA and genes (ACSSU184)
The theory of evolution by natural selection explains the diversity of living things and is supported by a range of scientific
evidence (ACSSU185)
Topic and Content
Cells contain DNA
 Review main animal and plant cell structure as well as the main
organelles and their functions.
 Students should be able to compare animal and plant cells in
regards to their main similarities and differences i.e. plant cells
have all organelles as an animal cell but in addition have a cell
wall, chloroplasts containing chlorophyll (where photosynthesis
1 (short
occurs) and large permanent vacuoles.
week)
 Focus in on the nucleus - introduction to DNA.
 Briefly explain the discovery of current DNA model.
 Structure – double helix, nitrogenous bases, nucleotides,
phosphate and deoxyribose sugar.
 DNA contains genes, and forms chromosomes during cell
replication.
 How many chromosomes do different organisms have?
DNA can replicate.
2
 DNA Extraction activity.
 Why is cell division necessary?
Resources / Activities /
Experiments
OS: Chapter 1.1
Assessment &
Homework
Qus. 1 – 5 page 3
Comparison of animal and
plant cells
OS: Chapter 1.2
Qus. 1 – 6 page 5
Make a DNA model
(page 181 of Oxford Science)
OS: Chapter 1.3
DNA Extraction from pea’s
(or strawberries) – details
on page 180
Qus. 1 – 4 page 9
3
4
 Types of cell division in animals i.e. cell division for growth, repair
and replacement of body (somatic) cells, and cell division for the
production of sex cells (gametes)
 DNA Replication - is a precursor for cell division as well as protein
synthesis.
 Students are able to explain the process of DNA replication being
semi conservative and the reasons it occurs.
Cell Division
 Mitosis. Understand that mitosis is the process at which somatic
cells are formed. Can state/illustrate mitosis key events and
phases (IPMAT).
 Meiosis. Understand that meiosis is the process at which gametes
are formed. Can state/illustrate meiosis I/II key events and phases.
(IPMATPMAT).
 Understand that meiosis results in the formation of 4 gametes
however only one fully evolves for females, whereas all four
gametes result in males.
 Where does meiosis occur – sex organs.
 Male gametes are either XY or XX; female ova are XX.
Variation in the Population
 Asexual reproduction versus sexual reproduction – discuss
different types of asexual reproduction and examine the resulting
offspring in terms of variance.
 Mitosis results in daughter cells that are exact copies (clones)
 Meiosis results in variation, due to random assortment and
crossing over.
Cell Division in Action –
Skills Lab 1.4 page 183
OS: Chapter 1.4
Qus. 1 – 4 page 11
OS: Chapter 1.5
Qus. 1 – 4 page 13
Modelling Meiosis page
183 (Challenge 1.5)
OS: Chapter 1.6
Qus. 1 – 6 page 15
5
6
7&8
Inheritance
 Understand the role G. Mendel played in the development of
current day inheritance and genetics.
 Introduce main types of inheritance: dominant/recessive, codominance, incomplete dominance, polygenes.
 Explain dominant/recessive genes. Key terms that need to be
covered; gene, allele, homozygous, heterozygous, dominant,
recessive, phenotype and genotype.
 Able to complete inheritance questions using punnet squares. Able
to identify F1 % phenotype and genotype.
 Able to explain the concept of sex determination through the use of
punnet squares.
Inheritance Continued
 Monohybrid and Dihybrid crosses.
 Co-dominance – two dominant alleles and both equally expressed.
Use Roan cattle as prime example.
 Incomplete dominance – two dominant alleles where both
characteristics blended. Use example of flowers red + white gives
pink.
 Use punnet squares to represent codominance and Incomplete
dominance – capital letters used as dominant genes only.
 ABO blood groups is due to dominant/recessive and codominant
genes.
Pedigrees
 Polygenic inheritance, use skin/eye colour as example.
 Sex Linkage – look at colour-blindness.
 Pedigrees
Exam Weeks
Fat and Skinny questions to ascertain knowledge and understanding of all
concepts studied throughout the semester
Test taking tips
OS: Chapter 1.9
Topic Test: DNA and Cell
Division.
Content from weeks 1-4 incl.
DNA, Replication, Protein
Synthesis, Mitosis and
Meiosis.
Zazzle Genetics Expt. 1.6
page 184
Qus. 1 – 4 pages 24 25
OS: Chapter 1.7
Blood Typing Expt. 1.7
page 185
Qus. 1 – 3 page 17
OS: Chapter 1.8
Qus. 1 – 5 page 21
Colour-blindness Inheritance
Expt. 1.8 page 186
Semester One Exam
Evolution
9
 Define evolution.
 Evidence of Evolution.
 Students can state Darwin’s contribution to evolution using finches OS: Chapter 2.1
and can compare against other theories such as Lamarck.
 Students can explain evidence for evolution in terms of fossils,
comparative anatomy (Analogous & homologous structures),
embryology, biogeography and biological molecules.
 Students understand the process of Natural Selection and how this
OS: Chapter 2.2
leads to speciation. Define natural selection and explain how the
Expt. 2.2 page 189
desired features are ‘chosen’ and passed onto the next generation.
Natural selection can only act if variation is involved (Darwin’s
Theory). Students must use prior knowledge about genes to
explain how variation in characteristics can be passed on.
Qus. 1 – 5 page 21
Qus. 1 – 4 page 45
Evolution
10
 Selection pressure/agents and examples. Define selective agents
& introduce the idea of ‘survival of the fittest’ – only those
characteristics that will help the organism to survive are more likely
to be passed on.
 Students can explain the concept of variation and its importance in
evolution. Peppered moth: Henry Bernard Kettlewell’s study of the
peppered moth. Examine his study and explain his findings
 Students recognise potential isolation barriers and how this can
lead to speciation.
 Students can explain the role of sexual selection and artificial
selection. Artificial selection – process by which we choose to
breed organisms by desirable features/functions.
 Why do we breed different animals and plants? What do humans
try to achieve from this?
 Super bugs – is evolution still happening.
OS: Chapter 2.3
Expt. 2.3 page 190
Expt. 2.6 page 192
Natural selection practical –
Candy dish selection
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/ed
ucation/lessons/candy_dish.html
Interactive peppered moths
website
http://www.techapps.net/interactiv
es/pepperMoths.swf
Qus. 1 – 4 page 47
Challenge 2.7 page 193
Assessment Outline Term 2 2017 - Biology
Assessment Type
Title
Weighting
Test
DNA and Cell Division
10%
Exam
Semester One Exam
25%