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Download Final Exam Study Guide: Chapter 16: Citric Acid Cycle
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Final Exam Study Guide: Chapter 16: Citric Acid Cycle Matching Or Fill In Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used. 1)______ (omit red questions) Another name for the citric acid cycle is the ______. A) B) C) D) E) F) G) H) I) J) K) L) oxaloacetate malate synthase malate malonate Krebs cycle aconitase succinyl-CoA synthetase α-ketoglutarate carbon dioxide malate dehydrogenase isocitrate succinate dehydrogenase 2)______ ______ is one of the products of the citric acid cycle that is used by plants. 3)______ ______ is the first compound that is oxidized in the citric acid cycle. 4)______ ______ is an enzyme that catalyzes a substrate-level phosphorylation. 5)______ The citric acid cycle intermediate ______ is found at the beginning and at the end of the citric acid cycle. 6)______ The only membrane-bound enzyme of the citric acid cycle is ______. 7)______ The name of this citric acid cycle intermediate, ______, is derived from “apple.” 8)______ The enzyme ______ contains an iron−sulfur cluster. 9)______ The compound ______ is a competitive inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase. 10)______ The enzyme ______ is part of the glyoxylate cycle. Fill In Questions 11) ______ is an intermediate between citrate and isocitrate in the citric acid cycle. 12) ______ is the metabolic intermediate that condenses with oxaloacetate to form citrate. 13) During the oxidation of isocitrate, the intermediate that is decarboxylated to form αketoglutarate is ______. 14) In eukaryotes, the enzymes of the citric acid cycle are located in the ______. 132 Chapter 16: Citric Acid Cycle 15) One FAD, one GTP and ______ NADH are produced when one acetyl group is oxidized in the citric acid cycle. Multiple Choice Questions 16) The two main purposes of the citric acid cycle are: A) synthesis of citrate and gluconeogenesis. B) degradation of acetyl-CoA to produce energy and to supply precursors for anabolism. C) degradation of pyruvate to produce energy and to supply precursors for anabolism. D) degradation of glucose to produce energy and to supply precursors for anabolism. E) degradation of pyruvate to produce energy and to synthesize oxaloacetate for gluconeogenesis 17) The isomerization of citrate to isocitrate: A) is the only unnecessary step of the citric acid cycle. B) protects cells from the toxic effects of arsenite ion. C) converts a tertiary alcohol, which cannot easily be oxidized, to a secondary alcohol that can be oxidized. D) is a major regulatory step for the citric acid cycle. E) is an oxidation reaction. 18) Which of the following causes pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase to catalyze the phosphorylation and inactivation of E1 in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex? A) elevated concentrations of NADH and ATP B) elevated concentrations of NAD+ and ADP C) Ca2+ D) insulin E) elevated concentrations of acetyl-CoA 19) Which of the following structures corresponds to glyoxylate? A) O O2C C CO2 B) O CH3 C O C) O O2CCH2 C CO2 D) O O O C C O E) 133 Chapter 16: Citric Acid Cycle O H C CO2 Short Answer Questions Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper. 20) Write the net equation of the citric acid cycle. 21) Write the citric acid cycle reaction in which energy is conserved in the formation of a phosphoanhydride bond by substrate-level phosphorylation. Name the enzyme that catalyzes this reaction and provide the formulas of the reactants and products of this reaction. 22) Write the first reaction of the citric acid cycle. Name the enzyme that catalyzes this reaction and provide the formulas of the reactants and the products of this reaction. 23) ΔG˚′ = + 29.7 kJ/mol for the reaction malate + NAD+ → oxaloacetate + NADH + H+. Describe the factors that allow this unfavorable reaction to occur in the direction of malate to oxaloacetate. 24) How many electrons are transferred from one acetyl group when it is converted to two carbon dioxide molecules in the citric acid cycle? Briefly explain your answer. 25) Briefly describe how the citric acid cycle is regulated. Identify the key regulatory enzymes and the factors that determine whether the flux of the cycle increases or decreases. 26) How many ATP equivalents are produced from the complete oxidation of one pyruvate to three CO2? 134