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Transcript
Harvesting energy Genes and Development Biology 122 Substrate level phosphorylation Glycolysis • The overall energy balance for glycolysis is as follows: Priming Harvest -2 ATP [use to add phosphates] +4 ATP [get from phosphates] +2 NADH __________________________________ Net +2 ATP +2 NADH Oxidation of pyruvate • Acetyl-CoA has a central role in metabolism • Not only are sugars broken down to acetyl-CoA, but fats are also broken down to it. In addition, some amino acids in proteins also get broken down into acetyl-CoA • Acetyl-CoA is also used to make fats and some amino acids The Citric acid cycle • Energy summary: The complete oxidation of each acetyl-CoA yields • • • • one GTP (equivalent to one ATP) 3 NADHs one FADH2 two CO2 molecules are released ATP synthase tutorial (Marcey site) ATP synthase animation Without oxygen Pyruvate With oxygen H2O O2 CO2 NAD+ NADH NADH Acetaldehyde ETC in mitochondria Acetyl-CoA NAD+ NADH Lactate NAD+ Krebs Cycle Ethanol
