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Cellular Respiration Videos – TV Ontario
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Program 1: Cellular Respiration (an overview)
1) What is the name of the process in which chemical bonds of glucose are broken and energy is released?
2) What are cristae?
3) Why are cristae so numerous?
4) What are the reactants of cellular respiration?
5) What are the products of cellular respiration?
6) What are the three parts of an ATP molecule?
7) What is the energy content of ATP relative to that of glucose?
8) What produces the “high energy” nature of ATP?
9) What happens when a molecule becomes phosphorylated?
10) What are the three stages of cellular respiration?
Program 2: Glycolysis, part 1
1) How many ATP molecules are produced in glycolysis?
2) Where and in what form is glucose stored in the body?
3) Where in a cell does glycolysis take place?
4) Reaction 1: One molecule of glucose is phosphorylated, producing:
&
.
5) Reaction 2: Glucose phosphate is converted into:
.
6) Reaction 3: Fructose phosphate and 1 ATP produce:
&
.
7) Reaction 4: Fructose diphosphate is cleaved (broken) into:
&
8) Reaction 5: DHAP is converted into:
.
.
**So far: 2 ATP have been invested in the conversion of 1 glucose into 2 PGAL molecules.
Program 3: Glycolysis, part 2
1) What is the purpose of NAD+?
2) The energized form of NAD+ is
.
3) Reaction 6: Each PGAL reacts with a molecule of NAD+, forming
&
.
4) When PGAL loses electrons, we say that it is
.
When NAD+ gains electrons, we say that it is
.
5) Reaction 7: Each molecule of DPGA gives up phosphate to ADP, forming:
&
.
**Check: NOW, the “investment” of 2 ATP from part 1 is “paid back.”
6) Reaction 8: PGA is rearranged.
7) Reaction 9: A molecule of water is lost from each rearranged PGA, producing
.
8) Reaction 10: ADP takes on a phosphate group from each PEP, forming:
&
.
**This produces a NET of 2 ATP for GLYCOLYSIS!
9) The 2 ATP produced in glycolysis account for only 2.2% of the energy in 1 glucose. Where is the rest of the
energy?
NEXT: The Krebs Cycle!
Program 4: The Krebs Cycle
1) Let’s review: In glycolysis, 1 glucose reacts to produce
pyruvate.
2) In oxidative decarboxylation (a precursor step to the Krebs cycle), pyruvate and coenzyme A react, producing:
&
.
3) Reaction 1: Acetyl CoA reacts with oxaloacetate, producing
.
4) Reaction 2: Citric acid loses water to form aconitate.
5) Reaction 3: Aconitate picks up water and is twisted to form isocitrate.
6) Reaction 4: Isocitrate and NAD+ react to form the energy carrier
and oxalosuccinate.
7) Reaction 5: Oxalosuccinate loses a molecule of CO 2, forming ketoglutarate.
8) Reaction 6: Ketoglutarate hooks up with Coenzyme A to form succinyl CoA. This process releases 2 electrons
and H to form NADH.
9) In Reaction 7, succinyl CoA reacts with ADP and Pi to form ATP and succinate.
10) In Reaction 8, succinate encounters FAD and these react to form another energy carrier,
, and
fumarate.
11) Reaction 9: Fumarate encounters water, forming malate.
12) Reaction 10: Malate encounters NAD+ and forms another NADH. This process also reforms oxaloacetate.
13) Summary: One turn of the Krebs cycle produces:
NADH
ATP
FADH2
CO2 (waste product)
14) Summary: GLYCOLYSIS + Krebs Cycle produces:
NADH
ATP
FADH2
CO2 (waste product)
Program 5: Oxidative Phosphorylation
1) Where does oxidative phosphorylation take place?
2) An electron transport chain consists of
inner membrane.
adjacent complexes embedded closely together in the
3) Each NADH from the Krebs cycle releases
electrons to the electron transport chain and pumps
H+ from the matrix into the intermembrane space.
4) What happens to O at the end of the e.t.c.?
5) Electrons from FADH2 enter the e.t.c. later in the chain (at coenzyme Q), resulting in the pumping of
H+ from the matrix into the intermembrane space.
6) The pumping of H+ produces what 2 gradients?
7) As the H+ ions diffuse back across the membrane through special protein channels,
8) Additionally, NADH from glycolysis is used to produce
ATP molecules in the e.t.c.
9) SUMMARY:
GLYCOLYSIS:
ATP
+
Krebs cycle:
ATP
Oxid. phos.:
ATP
TOTAL:
ATP
NADH (which produce ATP)
Program 6: Metabolism and Nutrition
1) Review: What is the role of oxygen in the e.t.c.?
2) In the absence of oxygen, what happens to the e.t.c.?
3) In the absence of oxygen, what is produced in glycolysis?
4) The build up of lactic acid produces what sensation in the muscle cells?
5) What is the result of too much glucose in our liver?
6) In extreme cases, in the absence of carbohydrates and fats, what will the body do?
is produced!