* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download File
Minimal genome wikipedia , lookup
Genome (book) wikipedia , lookup
Genetic drift wikipedia , lookup
Site-specific recombinase technology wikipedia , lookup
X-inactivation wikipedia , lookup
Heritability of IQ wikipedia , lookup
Genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Nutriepigenomics wikipedia , lookup
Hybrid (biology) wikipedia , lookup
Epigenetics of human development wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Genetically modified crops wikipedia , lookup
Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance wikipedia , lookup
Gene expression profiling wikipedia , lookup
Biology and consumer behaviour wikipedia , lookup
Genomic imprinting wikipedia , lookup
Hardy–Weinberg principle wikipedia , lookup
Quantitative trait locus wikipedia , lookup
Designer baby wikipedia , lookup
History of genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Genetics is the study of heredity Heredity is the passing of traits from parent to offspring Gregor Mendel is considered the Father of Modern Genetics Why did Mendel use pea plants? Easy to grow Make lots of offspring Can manipulate pollination 1. 2. Peas can selffertilize (pollinate flowers on same plant) Peas can crossfertilize (pollinate flowers on a different plant) 3. Peas have several traits with only 2 contrasting forms Step 1: Produce the P (parent) generation ◦ Parents are true-breeding plants created by selffertilization Step 2: Produce the F1 generation ◦Cross 2 different parent plants together ◦All F1 offspring looked alike Step 3: Produce the F2 generation ◦ Cross any 2 F1 plants together ◦ Offspring come out in a 3:1 ratio 1. Parents transmit information about traits to their offspring using gametes, or sex cells ◦ Females make egg cells (ovum) ◦ Males make sperm cells Each individual has 2 genes for each trait What is a gene? segment of DNA that codes for a trait Where did your genes come from? your parents 2. If the 2 units you inherit are the same you are homozygous ex. purple & purple (P generation) If the 2 units you inherit are different you are heterozygous ex. purple & white (F1 generation) The different forms of a gene are called alleles (these are the trait choices) ◦ An individual’s alleles (genes) are its genotype 3. ◦ The physical appearance that results from the alleles is the phenotype Not all alleles get expressed: ◦ the dominant allele is ALWAYS expressed when present symbol is a CAPITAL letter (P) ◦ the recessive allele is covered up in the heterozygous condition symbol is a lower-case letter (p) 4.