* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download the-senses-of-smell-and-taste
Survey
Document related concepts
Cortical cooling wikipedia , lookup
Neuroregeneration wikipedia , lookup
Neural engineering wikipedia , lookup
Microneurography wikipedia , lookup
Sensory substitution wikipedia , lookup
Proprioception wikipedia , lookup
Neuropsychopharmacology wikipedia , lookup
Metastability in the brain wikipedia , lookup
Stimulus (physiology) wikipedia , lookup
Cognitive neuroscience of music wikipedia , lookup
Perception of infrasound wikipedia , lookup
Animal echolocation wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
HEARING AND EQUILIBRIUM DONE BY: SANAZ & OMAR THE EAR • The ear is the sensory organ responsible for hearing and equilibrium. • The ear is divided into 3 main sections: outer ear, middle ear, and inner ear. 1. The outer ear 2. The middle ear 3. The inner ear OUTER EAR • Extends from the outside of the head to the eardrum. • Responsible for drawing in radiations to be translated to sound. • External ear. • Consists of: Auricle, ear canal (auditory canal), ear lobe, hairs (some cases) • Air-filled cavity that contains the three auditory ossicles or ear bones. • Starts from the ear drum and extends to the third ossicle. • Contains: Tympanic membrane, ear drum, Malleus (hammer), anvil (incus), stirrups (stapes) MIDDLE EAR INNER EAR • The inner ear is protected by the hardest bone in the body. • The cochlea is a bony tube that contains fluids as well as neurons that move in response to the vibrations of the fluids. • The movement generates neural impulses that are transmitted to the brain via the auditory nerve. • Within the brain, auditory input is projected onto the hearing areas of the cerebral cortex • Vibrations of the stapes against the oval window produce pressure waves in the perilymph of the cochlea. THE SENSE OF HEARING • The ear converts vibrations in the air into electrical signals that our brains perceive as sounds. 1. Outer ear: collects sound waves to eardrum Parts: Pinna, auditory canal 2. Eardrum: thin, cone-shaped membrane that separates outer and middle ear 3. Middle ear: air filled cavity of the ear; behind the eardrum Parts: eardrum, hammer, anvil, stirrup, oval window 4. Inner ear: home of the cochlea, the actual hearing organ and semicircular canals responsible for balance Parts: semicircular canals, cochlea, nerve receptors, auditory nerve DAMAGE TO THE MIDDLE EAR • Conductive deafness • Injury, infection, or tumors. • Treated by: medications or surgery. DAMAGE TO THE INNER EAR • Sensorial deafness • Injury, trauma, infection, tumors. • Treatment: surgery (cochlear transplant) or hearing aid. SEMICIRCULAR CANALS • Three canals are horizontal, superior and posterior semicircular canals. • Is a part of the vestibular system. • Balance in movement of head in telling the position.