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EVOLUTION REVIEW Chapter 15 Image from BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing © 2006 Change in a population over time evolution Differences among individuals within a species Natural variation Structures that develop from the same embryonic tissues, but have different mature forms Homologous structures Organ with little or no function Vestigial organ Ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in a specific environment fitness Inherited characteristic that increases and organism’s chances for survival adaptation Preserved remains of an ancient organism fossil Islands that Darwin visited on his voyage on the Beagle that started him thinking about how organisms change over time Galapagos When humans select and breed animals with certain useful traits from the natural variation in the population Artificial selection Process by which unrelated organisms independently evolve similarities when adapting to similar environments Convergent evolution Book published by Charles Darwin in which he proposed a mechanism and provided evidence for his Theory of Evolution “On the Origin of Species” Process by which related organisms evolve differences when they are isolated in different environments Divergent evolution The bones in the diagrams below are examples of ________________ Homologous structures http://www.angelfire.com/ab7/evolution12/evolutionclues.html Name 3 kinds of evidence that supports Darwin’s THEORY OF EVOLUTION Fossils Geographic distribution Homologous structures Vestigial organs Embryology DNA Pseudogenes Artificial selection Can see natural selection work antibiotic resistance, new diseases, http://www.angelfire.com/ab7/evolution12/evolutionclues.html The diagrams at the right show evidence of ____________ Common descent A. B. C. D. natural selection natural variation common descent artificial selection A possible explanation for a set of observations or a possible answer to a scientific question hypothesis Change in the DNA sequence of an organism due to mistake is replication or damage from radiation or chemicals mutation Whales and sharks are not closely related, but have evolved to have similar body shapes and fins because they live in similar environments. This is an example of _____________ evolution. convergent Another name for divergent evolution Adaptive radiation is ________________ What Darwin called “survival of the fittest” Natural selection _________________ Of all the places he visited, the GALAPAGOS Islands ______________ influenced Darwin’s ideas about evolution the most. In addition to observing living organisms, Darwin studied the preserved remains of ancient organisms fossils called _________________ Darwin’s concept of evolution was influenced by all of the following EXCEPT _________________ A. B. C. D. the work of Charles Lyell and James Hutton his collection of specimens and fossils his knowledge of the structure of DNA his voyage around the world E. Malthus’s ideas about populations and resources C. Darwin didn’t know about DNA! Give a summary of Darwin’s theory of evolution Natural variation in population provides basis for natural selection to act Overproduction of offspring forces competition for resources (struggle for survival) Organisms best suited to their environment will survive and reproduce; Other organisms die or leave fewer Offspring (survival of the fittest/natural selection) Species alive today have descended with modification from ancestral species that lived in the distant past All organisms are united into a single “tree of life” (common descent) THE END. . . or is it? EVOLUTION IS STILL HAPPENING