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EVOLUTION
REVIEW
Chapter 15
Image from BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing © 2006
Change in a population over time
evolution
Differences among individuals
within a species
Natural variation
Structures that develop from the
same embryonic tissues, but
have different mature forms
Homologous structures
Organ with little or no function
Vestigial organ
Ability of an organism to
survive and reproduce in a
specific environment
fitness
Inherited characteristic that
increases and organism’s chances
for survival
adaptation
Preserved remains of an ancient
organism
fossil
Islands that Darwin visited on his
voyage on the Beagle that started
him thinking about how organisms
change over time
Galapagos
When humans select and breed
animals with certain useful
traits from the natural
variation in the population
Artificial selection
Process by which unrelated
organisms independently evolve
similarities when adapting to
similar environments
Convergent evolution
Book published by Charles Darwin
in which he proposed a mechanism
and provided evidence for his
Theory of Evolution
“On the Origin of Species”
Process by which related organisms
evolve differences when they are
isolated in different environments
Divergent evolution
The bones in the diagrams below
are examples of
________________
Homologous structures
http://www.angelfire.com/ab7/evolution12/evolutionclues.html
Name 3 kinds of evidence that
supports Darwin’s THEORY OF
EVOLUTION
Fossils
Geographic distribution
Homologous structures
Vestigial organs
Embryology
DNA
Pseudogenes
Artificial selection
Can see natural selection work
antibiotic resistance, new diseases,
http://www.angelfire.com/ab7/evolution12/evolutionclues.html
The diagrams at the
right show evidence
of ____________
Common descent
A.
B.
C.
D.
natural selection
natural variation
common descent
artificial selection
A possible explanation for a set of
observations or a possible answer
to a scientific question
hypothesis
Change in the DNA sequence of an
organism due to mistake is
replication or damage from
radiation or chemicals
mutation
Whales and sharks are not closely
related, but have evolved to have
similar body shapes and fins
because they live in similar
environments. This is an example of
_____________
evolution.
convergent
Another name for divergent evolution
Adaptive radiation
is ________________
What Darwin called “survival of the
fittest”
Natural selection
_________________
Of all the places he visited, the
GALAPAGOS Islands
______________
influenced Darwin’s ideas about
evolution the most.
In addition to observing living
organisms, Darwin studied the
preserved remains of ancient organisms
fossils
called _________________
Darwin’s concept of evolution was influenced by all
of the following EXCEPT _________________
A.
B.
C.
D.
the work of Charles Lyell and James Hutton
his collection of specimens and fossils
his knowledge of the structure of DNA
his voyage around the world
E. Malthus’s ideas about populations and resources
C. Darwin didn’t know about DNA!
Give a summary of Darwin’s theory
of evolution
Natural variation in population provides basis
for natural selection to act
Overproduction of offspring forces
competition for resources (struggle for survival)
Organisms best suited to their environment will survive
and reproduce; Other organisms die or leave fewer
Offspring (survival of the fittest/natural selection)
Species alive today have descended with modification
from ancestral species that lived in the distant past
All organisms are united into a single “tree of life”
(common descent)
THE END. . .
or is it?
EVOLUTION IS STILL HAPPENING