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Chapter 9 The Glory of
Ancient Rome
.
Bell Ringer
• Answer the following question in your notebook,
remember to RESTATE
• Look at the pictures on p. 252-253, what
do these images tell you about daily life
in the ancient Roman Empire?
– When you finish, copy down the chart on p.
252 for taking notes: leave yourself room for
more facts
Roman Daily Life
• Rome had the most
beautiful monuments
and public buildings in
the world.
• Wealth and goods
flowed freely to all
parts of the empire.
• Merchants made their
living from tourists
who visited the city.
Why would
Rome want a
Census of
their
citizens?
Roman Citizens
• To be a Roman citizen was a matter of
great pride.
• Guess who were not considered as
citizens?
Roman Citizens
• Hmm…
How is this
similar to the
beginning of the
United States?
Roman Social Classes
• Rome had 2 social classes:
Wealthy citizens
Lower class: poor people and slaves
Rags to Riches??
• The poor lived in
poorly built houses or
multi-story apartment
buildings.
• They did not have
running water nor
plumbing.
How do you
think the poor of
Rome felt about
the rich?
• The wealthy lived in
villas and enjoyed
feasts with game or
boar.
• They would have
entertainment
including dancers,
performers and
musicians.
Bread and Circuses
• To prevent the poor
from rioting over
late/bad grain
shipments, the
government gave
them free grain and
provided circus
entertainment in the
Colosseum.
Do you think we
have any,
“Bread and
Circuses” in
our society
today?
Bread and Circuses
• The Roman
Government gave:
Gladiators fought to the death.
•
Most gladiators were slaves,
condemned criminals or prisoners or
war.
•
Some were free men and women
who enjoyed fame. All fought in
bloody contests of strength.
What happens if Caesar goes ‘thumbs
up?’ Thumbs down?
Roman Life
• Despite the appeal of brutal combat and
executions for “entertainment”, the
Romans valued family life.
• The Roman government provided family
support.
Help is on the Way!
• The Roman Government provided support
to the upper classes. These measures
were designed to encourage the upper
classes to increase the size of their
families and to continue their family
names.
Why would the
Roman
government want
the upper class
to increase their
family size?
Help is on the Way!
• For families with 3 or
more….
• You get free land
Head of the Household
• The head of the
household was the
paterfamilias (pay tur
• fuh MIL ee us).
• The family included
everything and
everyone in the home
under the “head of the
household”.
Luiggi
wife
Younger
brother
Child
Daughter-in-law
slaves
mother
Roles of Women in Rome
• A woman’s place in
the household
depended on what
kind of marriage she
had.
• Sometimes she would
leave the family and
join her husband’s
family.
Roles of Women in Rome
• Some women shaped roles for themselves
outside the family. (The higher the class,
the more independence.)
• Some women became doctors and worked
in medicine, while others engaged in
trade.
• The women of the lower class were
usually cooks, dressmakers, and
hairdressers.
Slavery in Rome
• Slavery was common in
Rome.
• Even poor families
might employ slaves.
• Slaves had almost no
rights, but a few rose to
important positions in
households of wealthy
families.
• Some slaves were able
to save money and buy
their freedom.
Chapter 9, Section 2:
Christianity and the Roman
Empire
• Bell Ringer
– Why did the Roman government feed and
entertain its people?
The Rise of
Christianity
Christianity
Spreads
Rome Reacts
Christianity and the Roman
Empire
• During the rule of Augustus, Rome
increased its control over Judea, the
region that once had been known as
Canaan. Here we will be focusing on the
rise of a new religion, called Christianity.
• Christianity was just one of the religions in
the Roman Empire. The Romans were
tolerant of toward the people in these
lands as long as they showed their
loyalty to the Roman Emperor and their
Unrest in Judaea
• The Romans conquered the Jewish
homeland of Judaea.
• The Romans allowed the Jews to practice
their faith, then as opposition grew to the
Romans, the Romans struck back with
harsh rules.
Christianity and the Roman
Empire
• As a result of the Roman rule, many Jews
became resentful and believed a messiah
or savior would come to bring justice and
freedom to the land.
• In 37 B.C. the Roman senate appointed a
new ruler of Judaea named Herod- it was
during this time that Jesus was born in
Bethlehem.
Christian Beliefs
What other
religious
leader
taught the,
“Golden
Rule?”
• Jesus was a Jewish teacher who taught
that:
– God was loving and forgiving
– People should love their neighbor as they love
themselves
– Promised that people who followed his
teachings would have everlasting life
– Followers believed he was the messiah
The Gospels
• Years after the death of Jesus, the
disciples or followers of Christ wrote
stories about his teachings.
• Four stories of Jesus’ life were written in
the 4 Gospels: Matthew, Mark, Luke and
John.
Roman Fears
• Some people
complained to the
Romans that Jesus
taught that God was
greater than the
emperor.
• The Romans feared a
revolt and eventually
decided to have
Jesus put to death by
being crucified.
Roman Guards and an
Emperor. (Rein actors)
The Spread of Christianity
• Many educated
people of Jesus’ time
spoke Greek.
• The Greek word for
messiah was
Christos.
• After Jesus’ death
his followers began
to call themselves
Christians.
• Who was Saul?
(Paul)
• Paul persuaded
Jesus’ followers to
teach the Greeks and
Romans as well as
the Jews
• Epistles: letters
written by disciples.
Ways of Worship
• Christians practiced
the rites of:
A.D. 64
• In A.D. 64 a fire
started in Rome and
burned the city for 9
days. Rumor had it
the Christians started
the fire…
Why do you
think Nero
• Nero blamed
blamed the
Christians and
Christians?
persecuted them –
this persecution
lasted for 250 years.
The Appeal of Christianity
• Christianity continued to spread despite
the persecution
– Jesus was not a hero from a myth, he actually
lived among people in the empire
– Simple style of the Gospels made his
teachings easy to understand
– Martyrs (someone who dies for a cause)
caused many Romans to admire Christians
and accept the Christian faith
Section 3
• Bell Ringer
– Answer the, “Timeline Skills” questions on
p.271
FROM GOOD
RULE TO BAD
THE EMPIRE
CRUMBLES
CONSTANTINE
and
CHRISTIANITY
INVASIONS
AND
COLLAPSE
From Good to Bad
• After the death of Marcus Aurelius, his son
Commodus became the next emperor.
Was not a
good leader.
Did not work with the
Senate- tried to mess it
up.
Commodus
Bribed the
army to
support him.
Was
assassinated in
192
The Empire Crumbles
• Historians do not agree on any ONE
cause for the decline of Rome but
SEVERAL PROBLEMS led to the downfall
of Rome:
– Weak, corrupt rulers
– A mercenary army
– Size of the Empire
– Economic Problems
Which one of
these would be
the most
serious issue?
Weak Corrupt Rulers
• After Commodus, the emperors were
corrupt. Many were successful generals
and not politicians.
• The generals would steal money for
themselves and bribe their army to keep
them in power.
• Many assassinations occurred (29
emperors between A.D. 180 – A.D. 284)
The Empire Crumbles
• Rome was much too
large to rule.
• Enemies began to
attack Rome.
• The Romans called
these people
Barbarians.
• Rome’s sources of
wealth declined when
the empire did not
continue to grow.
• Rome had to pay its
army and had no
money.
• To raise money the
government collected
even more taxes.
Woe is me…
• Food was scarce so its prices went
Less
We just described
inflation.
Trying to stop the decline
• Emperors tried to stop the decline of
Rome, but were unsuccessful.
• Enlarge the army, built new forts at the
borders, improve the tax system and…
Rome’s
Decline
A Divided Empire
Rulers of the Roman Empire
Now Rome no
longer
persecuted
Christians.
Christianity
became the
official religion
of the empire.
He continued to
persecute
Christians.
He battled
Constantine
numerous times and
lost control of the …
“New Rome”
• In 330 Constantine won control of the
Eastern Roman Empire and moved
the Capital to the city of Byzantium,
in modern-day Turkey.
• Constantine renamed the city to
“Constantinople” which means the
“city of Constantine”.
Constantinople
• Constantinople was firmly in place as the new
capital of the Roman Empire.
Byzantium aka
Constantinople
Rome
Rome ends with…
• The last emperor was named ROMULUS
Augustus.
• Germanic tribes continued to invade
Rome. The Romans called these people
Barbarians.
• The Eastern Roman Empire lasted for
1000 years after the fall of the Western
Roman Empire in 476 A.D.