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BUILDING MOMENTUM FOR CANCUN The Necessity of a Global Effort to Tackle Climate Change Rachmat Witoelar President’s Special Envoy for Climate Change / Executive Chair of National Council on Climate Change, Indonesia 0 BUILDING MOMENTUM FOR CANCUN The Necessity of Global Effort to Tackle Climate Change Rachmat Witoelar, President’s Special Envoy for Climate Change, Indonesia Excellencies, distinguished audience, ladies and gentlemen, It is a great honor and extreme pleasure for me to be standing here before you, at this auspicious occasion, to present my perspectives on the global effort to tackle Climate Change. Allow me to congratulate you and in particular our organizers for hosting this very important and timely Third International Parliamentary Conference on Climate Change. World-wide Threat, Global Approach needed Ladies and Gentlemen, It is in my view, that by far the biggest threat that the world is facing at present, is the global phenomenon known as Climate Change. Without excessively entering into the detailed account of the science, suffice it to say that new paradigms in National Developments are needed to overcome the threats of Climate Change. The threats and dangers are often overlooked, because sceptics would argue that climate has always been changing throughout history. Actually the science is definite and unequivocal on matters relating to human actions contributing to climate change, as reported by the Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change in its Fourth Assessment Report published in 2007. Clearly, it is actually up to humanity to slow, stop, and reverse the trend provided that ‘the point of no return’ have not been passed. In this respect, it is the task of each one of us here to clarify and inform dangers of climate change to the public. For that purpose, we need to constantly be aware of the changing times, to adopt and rethink new approaches in order to accommodate the morphing of new threats as derived from Climate Change. 1 Ladies and gentlemen, distinguished audience, Recent studies, including the UK Government’s releases on Stern Review in 2007, underline the long-term nature and global challenge of climate change. Responding to climate change should be done through collective efforts that will not only dampen current crises, but also help overcome its longer term impacts. Figure 1. The Economic Valuation of Climate Change In doing so, we must go beyond political rhetoric and work together to bridge gaps between our various positions. We must also draw upon valuable lessons from previous experiences; of multilateral cooperation and collective moral responsibility for the greater good. Adaptation and Mitigation: Two Sides of Actions Ladies and gentlemen, The rapidly changing world brings together changing problems and threats, some of which are unprecedented. To stretch the point further, many perceived natural disasters often take place due to the lack of human intervention to foresee and to prevent them. For the sake of clarity, we can list these crises in specific categories as follows: natural happenings such as quakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis; human-induced destructions such as flash floods and land destruction by irresponsible natural resources exploitation; human actions resulting in disasters such as deforestration, slash and burn farming, irresponsible polluting industries and transportation that ultimately lead to Global Warming and Climate Change. It is in Indonesia view, that a strategy built on a paradigm of a development growth that minimizes low carbon emissions, essentially embracing ‘low 2 carbon development policies’, would contribute to efforts in tackling climate change. We are convinced that in maintaining a low carbon emission strategy does not mean adopting an antagonistic position with economic development. For that to happen we are adopting what is called a triple track strategy, which is pro-job, pro-growth and propoor, under the umbrella of clean environmental conditions. Figure 2. A holistic approach to low carbon growth is needed At this point, maintaining a balance between actions to reduce potential emission (mitigation) and measures to adapt the changing environment (adaptation) is essential. Special studies and improved research into climate change adaptation and mitigation has proved to be timely and appropriate. At the same time, a master concept has to be established on what different stakeholders can do to assist in overcoming climate change threats. Figure 3. Example in Indonesia: Potential Mitigation Measures and Its Associated Cost 3 Towards a global framework in Cancun… Ladies and gentlemen, distinguished audience, On the global scene, conferences have been held to inform, complement and make contributions to successful climate change negotiations framed under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) tracks. Global attention is directed to the future Conference of Parties (COP 16) in Cancun to reach an agremeent as mandated by the Bali Roadmap. In these session, participants constantly build on the initial discussions previously, reiterate that climate change demands immediate action by all major economies. They agree on the importance of major economies to show leadership, including that their level of ambition should reflect science and their robust national actions should contribute to credible long-term emissions reductions. They also share the view that the transformation to a low-carbon economy can be an opportunity for growth and sustainable development. Participants discuss a wide range of issues, including the readiness and capacity of economies to undertake actions and to raise the global level of ambition, in accordance with their common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. In this regard, I believe that developed countries must show more leadership through strong commitments in two areas: deep cuts in emissions and provision of sustained, predictable, and substantially scaled‐up financing for mitigation and adaptation in developing countries. In response, developing countries need to build on the mitigation actions they are already undertaking and commit to act further with financial support. In this respect Indonesia is proud to commit itself to cut emissions 26 % (BAU) as a voluntary effort in contributing the world’s effort to combat climate change. 4 As Copenhagen failed to reach a consensus, it is greatly expected that COP 16 in Mexico can finally settle the elusive global task, that is, parties to agree on a legally binding agreement and to fight the threat of climate change in a joint effort. Figure 4. Indonesia’s statements at COP 15, UNFCCC in Copenhagen … we need to work together, the lessons of Bali Conference Ladies and gentlemen, Such efforts cannot succeed without collaboration and synergy of all Parties involved. The magnitude of the climate challenge goes further beyond the capacity of particular countries. No single country on its own will be able to cope with the dangerous impact of climate change or to prevent the increasing of potential emissions. Hence it is important to deliver a genuine partnership among countries and relevant stakeholders. Indonesia is proud to be recognized for its efforts in staging the COP 13 (2007) in Bali, where the world has agreed to a legally binding agreement that provides tracks to secure the climate future, known as the Bali Road Map. A two-year negotiation target was set, aiming at a new legally binding decision could be finally concluded in Copenhagen as mandated under the Bali Road Map. But let me remind you that the creation of Bali Road Map was not an overnight effort, in particular for its nature as a new approach on enhancing implementation of the Convention. I believe that the inclusion of all Parties in the process, by creating platforms to discuss before and within the Session, was a critical and integral part of the Decision. 5 … we need to build confidence and trust in each other Ladies and gentlemen, The world has to wait for some more time, as the COP 15 of the UNFCCC in Copenhagen did not manage to gain a world’s consensensus. In this regard, the world leaders need to continue their endeavors and build on the existing Copenhagen Accord. All parties have differing but at the same time, similar observations of what transpired in Copenhagen. Figure 5. World leaders in Copenhagen Nevertheless, despite the range of views about what Copenhagen Accord was all about, one message was clear, that we must and have to build the momentum ahead. We need to continue the constructive works toward Cancun by the end of this year. I would also like to underline the urgency to address the trust deficit by building an open, transparent and inclusive process so we can have the requisite conducive environment to achieve significant and workable decision in Cancun. REDD+ , a perspective of collaboration approaches For Indonesia, the forest is key asset that plays an important role in its national development; hence the preservation of this particular asset is always one of our main focuses. Indonesia manages its forest resources based on the principle of sustainable management of forest which in the context of climate change is part of the global effort, namely Reduction Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation plus (REDD-plus). REDD-plus is among the issues that had progressed significantly during the COP15 in Copenhagen. However, we also recognize that there some crucial issues that are still pending, such on whether the approach would be national and/or sub-national, what definition used as ‘forests’ and the financing mechanism. Such issues will not be solved without some flexibility by countries 6 to allow consideration of national circumstances, which varies quite significantly. In this respect, I am of the view that, while negotiation on the establishment of REDD-plus mechanism under the (UNFCCC) is underway, initiatives on collaboration among parties outside the forum could provide an interim platform for fast-start implementation of REDD-plus actions. Such initiatives could scale up financing from developed countries to help developing countries in improving their effectiveness of REDD-plus actions. It should also feeding back into the UNFCCC process and to facilitate agreement on REDDplus mechanism at COP-16. DO what YOU can DO, don’t wait for the world to do it for you Ladies and gentlemen, In closing, allow me to reiterate that it has been a privilege to present my thoughts on how a global effort is a necessity to address one of the gravest dangers, if not the biggest threat today, that is the threat of Climate Change to this rapidly changing world. Figure 6. Heart of Borneo, Indonesia I am convinced that this forum, under the auspices of the International Parliamentary Forum, is the best place to discuss how global efforts can be delivered. I believe that through this forum we can inspire ourselves to work together Thank you for your attention and I wish you the best for the Conference. London, July 2010 Rachmat Witoelar President’s Special Envoy on Climate Change / Executive Chair of the Indonesia’s National Council on Climate Change 7