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Transcript
Spastic cerebral palsy (spasticity) This is caused by impairment in the cerebral cortex of the brain and is the most common form of cerebral palsy. It is characterised by constant increased muscle tone and weakness in the parts of the body affected. This increased muscle tone (hypertonia) creates tightness in the muscles, leading to a decreased range of movement in the joints. The effects may increase with anxiety or increased effort, leading to excessive fatigue. Athetoid or dystonic, also known as dyskinetic cerebral palsy (athetosis) This is caused by impairment in the basal ganglia area of the brain. It is characterised by involuntary and uncontrollable muscle tone fluctuations, sometimes involving the whole body. The muscles alternate between being floppy and tense and there will often be difficulty in maintaining posture. The person usually has full range of movement in their joints, but not the stability or co-ordination to control their movements. Unwanted movements may be small, rapid, irregularly repetitive, random, and jerky, sometimes referred to as choreic movements. The unwanted movements may also be of a long slow, writhing nature. Someone with athetosis will often appear restless and constantly moving, only being still when fully relaxed and sometimes only when asleep. The movements will often become worse when the person is excited or is attempting to do something. Speech is nearly always affected to some degree, because of difficulty in controlling the tongue, breathing and vocal chords. Similarly there may be difficulties with eating and, the person may drool (have saliva coming out of their mouth).