Download Henriette Wyeth Historical Context

2010/6/9
Lecture 10
Physical or Health
Disabilities
Ching-fen Hsu
2010/06/09
Youth, Beauty, Physical Fitness
Henriette Wyeth
• Born in a high-achieving family
• Daughter of N.C.Wyeth famous
artist & illustrator
• Brother Andrew & sister
Carolyn well known artists
• Peter Hurd her husband
western painter
• Dream of being a signer & an
actress
• Polio at 3y broke her dreams
• 16y started drawing
Historical Context
• Epilepsy was believed to be originated in brain & caused
from sitting too long in the sun
• Hemophilia was recognized as a hereditary problem from
mothers to sons & traced back to royal/noble family
• 1861 William Little: English surgeon described cerebral
palsy
• 1893 Boston 1st US educational institution for SPD (the
Industrial School for Crippled & Deformed Children)
• 1st public school for crippled children founded in Chicago
• 1948 published “helping handicapped children in school”:
crippled children (heart problem, measles, scarlet fever,
diphtheria, rheumatic fever)
Defined Physical Health
Disabilities
Organizational Scheme
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Orthopedic Impairments
Physical Impairments
• Two major groups:
(1)Neuromotor impairments
conditions caused by damage to CNS
neurological
g
impairment limits muscular control &
movement
epilepsy goes with MR frequently
(2)Muscular/skeletal conditions
impairments affect limbs & muscles
trouble in controlling muscles
some need special devices: eating/walking/writing
Neuromotor Impairment Types (I)
Epilepsy
• Seizure disorders
• Convulsive disorders
• Recurrent seizures resulting from
sudden/excessive/spontaneous/abn
ormal discharge of neurons in brain
• Accompanied by changes in motor
or sensory functioning & loss of
consciousness
• 315,000 students (6y-14y) have
epilepsy
• Medication helps
Types of Seizures
Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizure
• Absence seizures: momentary loss of awareness,
sometimes accompanied by blinking or movements of
face or arms; frequent---be sure key parts of the lesson
are not missed
• Simple partial seizure: consciousness not lost; unable to
control body movements; experiences feelings, visions,
sounds, smells that are not real---comfort & reassure if
the child is frightened
• Complex partial seizure: consciousness clouded;
unresponsive to instructions, inappropriate & undirected
behaviours, sleepwalking appearance, of short duration,
prolonged confusion, no recall of seizure---gently guide
child back to seat/speak softly/help child sort out
confusions/ensure child’s safety
• Body stiffens & jerks; may fall; lose consciousness;
lose bladder control; have erratic breathing; lasts
several minutes; can be confused/weary/
belligerent afterwards
---remain calm
---reassure classmates
---ease child to floor
---clear area
---rest head on a pillow
---turn on side
---do not put anything in child’s mouth
---let rest after jerking ceases
---re-engage in class participation
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Cerebral Palsy
Areas of Affected Body in CP
• Severity of condition depends on location/degree of
brain damage/extent of involvement of CNS
• Insufficient oxygen to the brain
• Damage from accidents/brain infections/child abuse
• Noninfectious condition
• Jerky body movement & affected muscle coordination
• Multiple disabilities with speech impairment
• Congenital CP: 70%
• Acquired CP: after birth/during childhood
• Not necessarily mental retarded
Types of Cerebral Palsy
• Jerky movement, spasms, involuntary movements,
lack of muscle tone
• Individuals with CP have multiple disabilities,
problems in motor functioning & speech & ½ MR
• Spastic cerebral palsy: movements are very stiff
• Athetoid cerebral palsy: involuntary movements
are purposeless & uncontrolled/contorted
purposeful movement
• Ataxia cerebral palsy: movements are disrupted
(walking) by impairments of balance & depth
perception
Neuromotor Impairment Types (II)
Huang Mei-Lian
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如果我能完整唱一首歌
那將是我對你的感恩和讚美
南加大藝術博士
從小出生腦性痲痺
肌肉協調組織力差
我只看我有的 不看我沒有的
Muscular Skeletal Conditions
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Juvenile Arthritis
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300,000 students (¼ needs SE)
Chronic & painful
Usually develops in early childhood
Cause many absences from school
Have difficulty
y to keep
p up
p with classmates
Better at different times of the day
Sit too long causing stiff & feel painful
Should be allowed to move around a lot
Need tutoring & extra help to keep up with peers
Medical treatments reduce amount of disability
Side effects & alter personality & physical
appearance
Prosthetics
Chronic Illness (I)
Limb Deficiency
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Missing/nonfunctioning arm/leg
Acquired/congenital
Difficulty in adjusting situation
Teachers can help build up attitudes of
classmates & family support for healthy
psychological states
• Robotics: artificial arms/legs, science &
technology for computer-controlled mechanical
devices, artificial arm/leg
Health Disabilities
Asthma
• Chronic illness: last for years or lifetime
• Asthma: the most common illness
• Accompanied by shortness of breath, wheezing,
cough
• Leading
g cause of children’s absences/hospitalization
• Causes of wheezing: muscle tightens around
bronchial tubes, swelling of tissues in tubes, increase
of secretions in tubes
• 3Physical origin 8Psychological disorder
• Students with asthma couldn’t participate in sports
• Need special accommodation > SE
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Chronic Illness (II)
Infectious Disease
HIV/AIDS
Causes & Prevention
• Human immunodeficiency virus: serious disease
& potentially fatal viral infection transmitting via
exchange of bodily fluids in unprotected sex or
by contaminated needles
• Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a deadly
disease destroys immune system & can be
communicated to unborn child by infected mom
• In 2002, 9,300 American children infected
• cause CNS damage, developmental delay,
motor problems, psychosocial stresses, death
Making a Difference
• 1986 Paul Newman
• The Hole in the Wall Camp
• Make camping experience
available to children with
medical problems & families
• First held in Connecticut
• Provided week-long
experience meeting all medical
needs free of cost
• 34 states & 27 countries
participated this program
• www.holeinthewallcamps.org
Margaret Nagel
• Screenwriter & actress
• Her brother has physical
disability after car accident
• I just took him at face value for
who he was
• Reported FDR’s story as a play
on screen
• Created disability awareness
• People are afraid of disability &
feel uncomfortable about it
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Ed Roberts
• 14y almost died from polio
• Later UC Berkeley refused his entrance
for his “too disabled” to campus
accommodation
• California Department of Vocational
R h bilit ti did nott pay ffor hi
Rehabilitation
his
education for his “too handicapped”
• He paid for himself & got BA/MA
• Became director of the agency
• 1984 MacArthur Fellow
• Co-founded World Institute on Disability
• Voice for acceptance, access, inclusion
Review Objectives
After this course, you should be able to…
• Explain how physical or health disabilities are
organized
• Discuss the steps teachers should take to assist a
student who is having a seizure
• Describe accommodations to the learning E that
help students with physical disabilities that result
in special health care needs
• Explain how barriers that people with physical
disabilities experience can be reduced and how
students can be better prepared for increased
community presence & participation
Moving Around Town
• 30 out of 12487 taxis
in NY Manhattan now
wheelchair accessible
• Bus lifts
• People with disabilities
have rights to travel
around freely
Let’s See Hearts
Through Bodies
Questions?
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