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2010/6/9 Lecture 10 Physical or Health Disabilities Ching-fen Hsu 2010/06/09 Youth, Beauty, Physical Fitness Henriette Wyeth • Born in a high-achieving family • Daughter of N.C.Wyeth famous artist & illustrator • Brother Andrew & sister Carolyn well known artists • Peter Hurd her husband western painter • Dream of being a signer & an actress • Polio at 3y broke her dreams • 16y started drawing Historical Context • Epilepsy was believed to be originated in brain & caused from sitting too long in the sun • Hemophilia was recognized as a hereditary problem from mothers to sons & traced back to royal/noble family • 1861 William Little: English surgeon described cerebral palsy • 1893 Boston 1st US educational institution for SPD (the Industrial School for Crippled & Deformed Children) • 1st public school for crippled children founded in Chicago • 1948 published “helping handicapped children in school”: crippled children (heart problem, measles, scarlet fever, diphtheria, rheumatic fever) Defined Physical Health Disabilities Organizational Scheme 1 2010/6/9 Orthopedic Impairments Physical Impairments • Two major groups: (1)Neuromotor impairments conditions caused by damage to CNS neurological g impairment limits muscular control & movement epilepsy goes with MR frequently (2)Muscular/skeletal conditions impairments affect limbs & muscles trouble in controlling muscles some need special devices: eating/walking/writing Neuromotor Impairment Types (I) Epilepsy • Seizure disorders • Convulsive disorders • Recurrent seizures resulting from sudden/excessive/spontaneous/abn ormal discharge of neurons in brain • Accompanied by changes in motor or sensory functioning & loss of consciousness • 315,000 students (6y-14y) have epilepsy • Medication helps Types of Seizures Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizure • Absence seizures: momentary loss of awareness, sometimes accompanied by blinking or movements of face or arms; frequent---be sure key parts of the lesson are not missed • Simple partial seizure: consciousness not lost; unable to control body movements; experiences feelings, visions, sounds, smells that are not real---comfort & reassure if the child is frightened • Complex partial seizure: consciousness clouded; unresponsive to instructions, inappropriate & undirected behaviours, sleepwalking appearance, of short duration, prolonged confusion, no recall of seizure---gently guide child back to seat/speak softly/help child sort out confusions/ensure child’s safety • Body stiffens & jerks; may fall; lose consciousness; lose bladder control; have erratic breathing; lasts several minutes; can be confused/weary/ belligerent afterwards ---remain calm ---reassure classmates ---ease child to floor ---clear area ---rest head on a pillow ---turn on side ---do not put anything in child’s mouth ---let rest after jerking ceases ---re-engage in class participation 2 2010/6/9 Cerebral Palsy Areas of Affected Body in CP • Severity of condition depends on location/degree of brain damage/extent of involvement of CNS • Insufficient oxygen to the brain • Damage from accidents/brain infections/child abuse • Noninfectious condition • Jerky body movement & affected muscle coordination • Multiple disabilities with speech impairment • Congenital CP: 70% • Acquired CP: after birth/during childhood • Not necessarily mental retarded Types of Cerebral Palsy • Jerky movement, spasms, involuntary movements, lack of muscle tone • Individuals with CP have multiple disabilities, problems in motor functioning & speech & ½ MR • Spastic cerebral palsy: movements are very stiff • Athetoid cerebral palsy: involuntary movements are purposeless & uncontrolled/contorted purposeful movement • Ataxia cerebral palsy: movements are disrupted (walking) by impairments of balance & depth perception Neuromotor Impairment Types (II) Huang Mei-Lian • • • • • • 如果我能完整唱一首歌 那將是我對你的感恩和讚美 南加大藝術博士 從小出生腦性痲痺 肌肉協調組織力差 我只看我有的 不看我沒有的 Muscular Skeletal Conditions 3 2010/6/9 Juvenile Arthritis • • • • • • • • • • • 300,000 students (¼ needs SE) Chronic & painful Usually develops in early childhood Cause many absences from school Have difficulty y to keep p up p with classmates Better at different times of the day Sit too long causing stiff & feel painful Should be allowed to move around a lot Need tutoring & extra help to keep up with peers Medical treatments reduce amount of disability Side effects & alter personality & physical appearance Prosthetics Chronic Illness (I) Limb Deficiency • • • • Missing/nonfunctioning arm/leg Acquired/congenital Difficulty in adjusting situation Teachers can help build up attitudes of classmates & family support for healthy psychological states • Robotics: artificial arms/legs, science & technology for computer-controlled mechanical devices, artificial arm/leg Health Disabilities Asthma • Chronic illness: last for years or lifetime • Asthma: the most common illness • Accompanied by shortness of breath, wheezing, cough • Leading g cause of children’s absences/hospitalization • Causes of wheezing: muscle tightens around bronchial tubes, swelling of tissues in tubes, increase of secretions in tubes • 3Physical origin 8Psychological disorder • Students with asthma couldn’t participate in sports • Need special accommodation > SE 4 2010/6/9 Chronic Illness (II) Infectious Disease HIV/AIDS Causes & Prevention • Human immunodeficiency virus: serious disease & potentially fatal viral infection transmitting via exchange of bodily fluids in unprotected sex or by contaminated needles • Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a deadly disease destroys immune system & can be communicated to unborn child by infected mom • In 2002, 9,300 American children infected • cause CNS damage, developmental delay, motor problems, psychosocial stresses, death Making a Difference • 1986 Paul Newman • The Hole in the Wall Camp • Make camping experience available to children with medical problems & families • First held in Connecticut • Provided week-long experience meeting all medical needs free of cost • 34 states & 27 countries participated this program • www.holeinthewallcamps.org Margaret Nagel • Screenwriter & actress • Her brother has physical disability after car accident • I just took him at face value for who he was • Reported FDR’s story as a play on screen • Created disability awareness • People are afraid of disability & feel uncomfortable about it 5 2010/6/9 Ed Roberts • 14y almost died from polio • Later UC Berkeley refused his entrance for his “too disabled” to campus accommodation • California Department of Vocational R h bilit ti did nott pay ffor hi Rehabilitation his education for his “too handicapped” • He paid for himself & got BA/MA • Became director of the agency • 1984 MacArthur Fellow • Co-founded World Institute on Disability • Voice for acceptance, access, inclusion Review Objectives After this course, you should be able to… • Explain how physical or health disabilities are organized • Discuss the steps teachers should take to assist a student who is having a seizure • Describe accommodations to the learning E that help students with physical disabilities that result in special health care needs • Explain how barriers that people with physical disabilities experience can be reduced and how students can be better prepared for increased community presence & participation Moving Around Town • 30 out of 12487 taxis in NY Manhattan now wheelchair accessible • Bus lifts • People with disabilities have rights to travel around freely Let’s See Hearts Through Bodies Questions? 6