Download Notes Topic 6 Climate Change - Global Warming

Topic 6 Climate Change - Global Warming
Notes Ch. 6
Read and know the following parts of the text. Use
textbook and internet research to answer the following
questions. Use Answer sheet.
6.1 – The Greenhouse Effect : IB Qs: 1,2,3
 Occurs in Troposphere
 Greenhouse gases: CO2 , Methane (CH4) , N2O,
CFCs, O3 , H2O
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1. Role of Greenhouse Gases in Maintaining Mean
Global Temperature pp. 261 – 263
NEED TO KNOW :
 p. 261 all
 p. 262 : top paragraph only ; be able to interpret the graphs

p. 263 : be able to interpret graph and the following text:
DEFORESTATION – INCREASES CO2
REFORESTATION – FORESTS – ABSORB CO2
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IB QUESTIONS
1. This question refers to the data below.
Percent increase from 1750 to 1992
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Carbon dioxide
Methane
Nitrous oxide
These gases cause the Greenhouse Effect because they are
A.
more effective at absorbing long-wave radiation than other gases in the
atmosphere.
B.
more effective at absorbing short-wave radiation than other gases in the
atmosphere.
C.
produced by human activities.
D.
not broken down in the atmosphere.
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2. The major greenhouse gases are
A.
nitrous oxide and acid rain.
B.
water vapour, carbon dioxide, ozone and methane.
C.
carbon dioxide, nitrogen and ozone.
D.
ozone, water vapour and chlorine.
3. Which list contains only greenhouse gases?
A.
Carbon dioxide, water and methane
B.
Methane, CFCs and sulfur dioxide
C.
Carbon dioxide, lead and methane
D.
Nitrogen, water and CFCs
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2. Human Activity and the Greenhouse Effect pp. 264
– 265
NEED TO KNOW :


p. 264 : all
p. 265 : be able to interpret graphs
3. The Effects of Global Warming pp. 266 – 269
5
NEED TO KNOW : IB Qs : 4,5

p. 266 : only the following

p. 267 - 268 : know all
IB QUESTIONS
4. (a)List three greenhouse gases.
(b)
Outline one way in which human activities are changing the proportion
of one of these greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
(c)
State two possible effects of the changes in the total proportion of
greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
5. As well as their direct impact on the atmosphere, the effects of fossil fuel use
are widespread. Discuss the range of effects of fossil fuel use on the environment.
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4. Feedback and Global Warming pp. 270 – 272
IB Q: 6
NEED TO KNOW : all EXCEPT the case studies
6. Of what is the diagram below an example?
ice-caps melt
global warming
less energy refected
increased global temperature
A.
Negative feedback
B.
Positive feedback
C.
Steady-state equilibrium
D.
Static equilibrium
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5. Pollution Management Strategies pp. 272-274
KNOW: Kyoto Protocol , carbon taxing and trading pp.
273-274 : IB Q : 7
7. The graphs below show the top ten countries in terms of total carbon emissions
and emissions per capita.
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Graph A: Total carbon emissions from fossil fuel burning for the top ten emitting
countries, in million tonnes (Mt).
1400
1200
1000
800
Carbon emissions (Mt)
600
400
200
Italy
Canada
Ukraine
UK
India
Germany
Japan
Russia
China
US
0
Graph B: Total carbon emissions (tonnes) per capita for the top ten emitting
countries.
6
5
4
Carbon emissions per capita (tonnes)
3
2
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(a)
Comment on the significance of these data.
(b)
Describe the Kyoto Protocol that aims to reduce the amount of carbon
emissions.
(c)
Describe the Carbon taxing and carbon trading that aims to reduce the
amount of carbon emissions
Italy
Canada
Ukraine
UK
India
Germany
Japan
Russia
China
US
0
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NEED TO KNOW : IB Qs : 8, 9, 10
8.
Outline one way in which human activities are changing the proportion
of the following green house gases in the atmosphere:
CO2
Methane
N2O
CFCs
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9. As well as their direct impact on the atmosphere, the effects of fossil fuel use are
widespread. Discuss the range of effects of fossil fuel use on the environment.
(a) Explain three management strategies that could be taken to reduce these
effects?
(b)
The average cost of petrol (gasoline) for automobiles is four times
higher in Europe than in the USA. Discuss the environmental
implications of this difference.
10. As a result of global warming, there could be increased
I.
snowfall at the poles.
II.
melting of polar ice caps.
III.
photosynthesis.
Which could produce positive feedback in the Earth’s climate system?
A.
I, II and III
B.
I and III only
C.
II only
D.
III only
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11.The graph shows the variation in the concentration of atmospheric carbon
dioxide since 1970 at the Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii.
CO 2
concentration
/ ppm
375
370
365
360
355
350
345
340
335
330
2000
1995
1990
1985
1980
1975
1970
325
320
Year
[Source: C D Keeling and T P Whorf (2004), Atmosphere CO2 concentrations (ppm) derived from in
situ air samples, collected at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii]
What has caused the annual rise and fall of CO2 levels shown in the graph?
A.
Seasonal functions of ozone in the troposphere
B.
Seasonal depletion of ozone in the stratosphere
C.
Seasonal variations in photosynthesis
D.
Seasonal variations in the numbers and intensity of forest fires
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12. Methane is produced by
I.
bacterial activity.
II.
decomposition in landfill sites.
III.
digestive systems of cattle.
A.
I and II only
B.
I and III only
C.
II and III only
D.
I, II and III
13. What might be a consequence of a significant decrease in the amount of the
CO2 in the atmosphere?
A.
The Earth becoming warmer
B.
A decrease in CFC levels in the atmosphere
C.
A rise in sea levels
D.
The Earth becoming cooler
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6. Ocean Currents, Circulation and Distribution of Heat
Around the World – The Ocean Current Conveyor Belt:
(Video An Inconvenient Truth 48-52min )
Ocean currents distribute global heat throughout the earth. An
understanding of these currents is important to understanding global warming
and climate change. The cause of these ocean currents is complex but the main
factors are the water temperature and density affected by salt
concentration. Cold water holds more salt and is more dense so it will sink. Hot
water holds less salt is less dense so it will rise. This will set up a convection
current that creates the ocean currents . This is also called the ocean current
conveyor belt. Basically heating of the oceans at the equator is transferred and
circulated via ocean convection currents to the Northern and Southern
hemispheres. Know one example – N. Atlantic and Gulf stream.
N. Atlantic and Gulf Stream Ocean
Currents
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7. Arguments about Global Warming pp. 275-276
NEED TO KNOW :
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8. NEW NOTES AND BUZZ WORDS – TYPICAL IB ESSAY
TYPE QUESTION PAPER 2
QUESTION: Climate Change may be addressed at the level of preventing the
causes of impact ( mitigation) and limiting the extent of impact (adaptation) .
Evaluate the relative advantages of mitigation and adaption with the help of
named examples. ( 9 points)
Part 1- Preventing the causes of impact ( mitigation) and named examples = 5 pts
Part 2 - Limiting the extent of impact and specific examples (adaptation) = 4 pts
Part 1 - Preventing the causes of impact ( mitigation) and named examples = 5 pts
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NEW NOTES Make Sure You Know This Stuff – See Document NEW BUZZ WORDS
Topic 6 Reducing CO2 emissions
Mitigation strategies to reduce GHGs in general may include:
Mitigation strategies for carbon dioxide removal (CDR techniques) include:
– protecting and enhancing carbon sinks through land management; for
example, through the UN collaborative programme on reducting emissions
from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries (UNREDD)
using biomass as a fuel source
– using carbon capture and storage (CCS)
– enhancing carbon dioxide absorption by the oceans through either
fertilizing oceans with compounds of nitrogen, phosphorus and iron to
encourage the biological pump, or increasing upwellings to release
nutrients to the surface
Adaptive capacity varies from place to place and can be dependent on financial
and technological resources. MEDCs can provide economic and technological
support to LEDCs.
• There are international efforts and conferences to address mitigation and
adaptation strategies for climate change; for example, the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), National Adaptation Programmes of Action
(NAPAs) and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC).
Named Examples and Evaluate
Kyoto Protocol Text p. 273
Carbon Taxes and Trading Text p. 274
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Know These Examples
Example 1 UK – Energy Efficiency
Example 2 New Zealand – Taxes on Emissions of Green house Gases
Example 3 Sweden – Reducing Use of Fossil Fuels
Example 4 UNREDD - UN collaborative program on reducing emissions
from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries (UNREDD)
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Part 2 EVALUATE Limiting the extent of impact (adaptation) and specific
examples = 4 pts
Define Adaptation:
Floods Due to Sea Level Rising
Spread of Diseases due to Biome Distribution and Insects invading N.
Hemisphere
Need for Fresh Drinking Water and Desalination Plants
Agriculture favorable in some regions due to Biome Distribution
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