ABSTRACT
... humidity and wind speed as well as constant CO2 level for VEGAS, were used in all experiments listed. .............................................................46 Table 3.2 Mean of composite global and tropical carbon fluxes during the peak response to ENSO (shaded area in Figure 3.8 correspondin ...
... humidity and wind speed as well as constant CO2 level for VEGAS, were used in all experiments listed. .............................................................46 Table 3.2 Mean of composite global and tropical carbon fluxes during the peak response to ENSO (shaded area in Figure 3.8 correspondin ...
Centennial and Millennial climate- carbon cycle feedback analysis
... and nitrous oxide (N2O) (Forster et al., 2007). The awareness about the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has been established more than 150 years and since then, CO2 is identified as greenhouse gas (Tyndall, 1861; Arrhenius, 1896). The CO2 concentration was approximately 260 ppm 10 thousand years ...
... and nitrous oxide (N2O) (Forster et al., 2007). The awareness about the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has been established more than 150 years and since then, CO2 is identified as greenhouse gas (Tyndall, 1861; Arrhenius, 1896). The CO2 concentration was approximately 260 ppm 10 thousand years ...
effects of elevated atmospheric co2 on mature plant
... Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations are associated with rising global temperatures; these changes alter ecological communities in ways that vary among plant species and environmental conditions. Research on the response of various plant species to elevated CO2 concentration is nee ...
... Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations are associated with rising global temperatures; these changes alter ecological communities in ways that vary among plant species and environmental conditions. Research on the response of various plant species to elevated CO2 concentration is nee ...
Abrupt rise in atmospheric CO2 at the onset of the Bølling/Allerød: in
... boxes distinguishing surface, intermediate and deep ocean in the Atlantic, Southern Ocean and Indo-Pacific), a globally averaged terrestrial biosphere (7 boxes), a homogeneously mixed one-box atmosphere, and a relaxation approach to account for carbonate compensation in the deep ocean (sediment-ocea ...
... boxes distinguishing surface, intermediate and deep ocean in the Atlantic, Southern Ocean and Indo-Pacific), a globally averaged terrestrial biosphere (7 boxes), a homogeneously mixed one-box atmosphere, and a relaxation approach to account for carbonate compensation in the deep ocean (sediment-ocea ...
Carbon cycle implications of terrestrial weathering changes since
... a solution to the faint young Sun paradox by providing a convenient mechanism for a slow and steady decrease in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations. Although the model used rudimentary parameterizations derived from early general circulation models and experimental data, it built a foundation ...
... a solution to the faint young Sun paradox by providing a convenient mechanism for a slow and steady decrease in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations. Although the model used rudimentary parameterizations derived from early general circulation models and experimental data, it built a foundation ...
The ocean carbon sink – impacts, vulnerabilities and challenges
... Revised: 30 April 2015 – Accepted: 14 May 2015 – Published: 9 June 2015 ...
... Revised: 30 April 2015 – Accepted: 14 May 2015 – Published: 9 June 2015 ...
The positive impact of human CO2 emissions on the survival of life
... over the past 140 million years, life on Earth would begin to die as soon as two million years from now and would slowly perish almost entirely as carbon continued to be lost to the deep ocean sediments. ...
... over the past 140 million years, life on Earth would begin to die as soon as two million years from now and would slowly perish almost entirely as carbon continued to be lost to the deep ocean sediments. ...
Future Emissions and Concentrations of Carbon Dioxide
... Release 1. This version was issued over internet through anonymous ftp from CSIRO, Aspendale. A limited ‘hard-copy’ distribution was undertaken from WG1 Technical Support Group, Bracknell, UK. Release 1 was issued solely for the purpose of aiding the review process for the IPCC special report on Rad ...
... Release 1. This version was issued over internet through anonymous ftp from CSIRO, Aspendale. A limited ‘hard-copy’ distribution was undertaken from WG1 Technical Support Group, Bracknell, UK. Release 1 was issued solely for the purpose of aiding the review process for the IPCC special report on Rad ...
impact of climate change on plants, fruits and grains1
... According to Tremblay et al. (2005), species used for reforestation can also be stimulated with the enrichment of CO2, especially after the burning of a deforested area due to loss of soil carbon to the atmosphere. Enrichment of CO2 in a short time period, when the demand for carbohydrates is high, ...
... According to Tremblay et al. (2005), species used for reforestation can also be stimulated with the enrichment of CO2, especially after the burning of a deforested area due to loss of soil carbon to the atmosphere. Enrichment of CO2 in a short time period, when the demand for carbohydrates is high, ...
Atmospheric CO2 targets for ocean acidification perturbation
... in p(CO2)atm with levels at 2100 ranging between ~530 to 970 ppm p(CO2)atm (Figure 3.3), depending on the scenario and carbon cycle model used. Recent models indicate that continued warming of the sea surface will inhibit ocean carbon uptake, leading to ~4% higher atmospheric carbon dioxide levels i ...
... in p(CO2)atm with levels at 2100 ranging between ~530 to 970 ppm p(CO2)atm (Figure 3.3), depending on the scenario and carbon cycle model used. Recent models indicate that continued warming of the sea surface will inhibit ocean carbon uptake, leading to ~4% higher atmospheric carbon dioxide levels i ...
Carbon cycle modelling and the residence time of natural
... 4. The building of the dogma - recent atmospheric CO2 measurements The stir around the atmospheric CO2 data selected by Callendar made it necessary to start compiling analytical data of contemporary atmospheric CO2. 19 North-European stations measured atmospheric CO2 over a 5 year period from 1955 t ...
... 4. The building of the dogma - recent atmospheric CO2 measurements The stir around the atmospheric CO2 data selected by Callendar made it necessary to start compiling analytical data of contemporary atmospheric CO2. 19 North-European stations measured atmospheric CO2 over a 5 year period from 1955 t ...
Comparative carbon cycle dynamics of the present and last interglacial
... Holocene mechanisms, except for forcings linked to anthropogenic activity, are natural processes that should be active during all other interglacial periods as well. The confidence in the significance of these mechanisms during interglacials is quite different. Some of these processes are quantified in ...
... Holocene mechanisms, except for forcings linked to anthropogenic activity, are natural processes that should be active during all other interglacial periods as well. The confidence in the significance of these mechanisms during interglacials is quite different. Some of these processes are quantified in ...
Comparative carbon cycle dynamics of the present and last interglacial
... Holocene mechanisms, except for forcings linked to anthropogenic activity, are natural processes that should be active during all other interglacial periods as well. The confidence in the significance of these mechanisms during interglacials is quite different. Some of these processes are quantified in ...
... Holocene mechanisms, except for forcings linked to anthropogenic activity, are natural processes that should be active during all other interglacial periods as well. The confidence in the significance of these mechanisms during interglacials is quite different. Some of these processes are quantified in ...
Consequences of Considering Carbon–Nitrogen
... terrestrial ecosystem have been the subject of numerous studies carried out in recent years (e.g., Friedlingstein et al. 2006; Matthews 2005; Plattner et al. 2008). However, most of the terrestrial biosphere models currently used in climate change assessments, including the Intergovernmental Panel o ...
... terrestrial ecosystem have been the subject of numerous studies carried out in recent years (e.g., Friedlingstein et al. 2006; Matthews 2005; Plattner et al. 2008). However, most of the terrestrial biosphere models currently used in climate change assessments, including the Intergovernmental Panel o ...
Carbon and Climate System Coupling on Timescales from
... large stores of dissolved inorganic carbon (∼4 × 104 Pg C), a smaller but highly active biological carbon cycle, and deep layers of carbon-rich sediments. The largest stocks of carbon (∼6 × 107 Pg C) exist in marine sediments as dispersed organic material trapped in sedimentary rocks as well as in c ...
... large stores of dissolved inorganic carbon (∼4 × 104 Pg C), a smaller but highly active biological carbon cycle, and deep layers of carbon-rich sediments. The largest stocks of carbon (∼6 × 107 Pg C) exist in marine sediments as dispersed organic material trapped in sedimentary rocks as well as in c ...
Quasi-100 ky glacial-interglacial cycles triggered by - HAL-Insu
... these estimates, but the number 500 GtC (1 GtC is 1 gigaton or 1 petagram or 1015 g of carbon; hereafter Gt in accord with paleoclimate tradition) has established itself in the literature, corresponding to a 0.35‰ lower mean glacial ocean δ 13 C (Curry et al., 1988; Duplessy et al., 1988). Thus the ...
... these estimates, but the number 500 GtC (1 GtC is 1 gigaton or 1 petagram or 1015 g of carbon; hereafter Gt in accord with paleoclimate tradition) has established itself in the literature, corresponding to a 0.35‰ lower mean glacial ocean δ 13 C (Curry et al., 1988; Duplessy et al., 1988). Thus the ...
Download the full paper
... captures the carbon dynamics. The first unit vector e1 channels new emissions from fossil PI d exo fuel burning into the i=1 Ei,t and from land use change, forestry, and agriculture Et atmosphere M1,t . An increase in atmospheric carbon causes a change in our planet’s energy balance. In equilibrium, ...
... captures the carbon dynamics. The first unit vector e1 channels new emissions from fossil PI d exo fuel burning into the i=1 Ei,t and from land use change, forestry, and agriculture Et atmosphere M1,t . An increase in atmospheric carbon causes a change in our planet’s energy balance. In equilibrium, ...
MCCIP Briefing Note Ocean uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2)
... the atmosphere, with some regions acting as net sinks and others as net sources. The global net exchange of CO2 between the ocean and the atmosphere is currently estimated to be an ocean uptake of 2.2 ± 0.5 billion tonnes of carbon per year (Denman et al., 2007), which is approximately 2% of the gro ...
... the atmosphere, with some regions acting as net sinks and others as net sources. The global net exchange of CO2 between the ocean and the atmosphere is currently estimated to be an ocean uptake of 2.2 ± 0.5 billion tonnes of carbon per year (Denman et al., 2007), which is approximately 2% of the gro ...
An Analysis of Carbon Sequestration on Clarkson University`s Campus
... Anthropogenic causes of global warming have become a major topic of concern because of the lifealtering changes that could potentially result from a rise in global temperature. Even a global average temperature rise of 2.0°C could be extremely detrimental to today’s ecosystems, and some models are p ...
... Anthropogenic causes of global warming have become a major topic of concern because of the lifealtering changes that could potentially result from a rise in global temperature. Even a global average temperature rise of 2.0°C could be extremely detrimental to today’s ecosystems, and some models are p ...
Carbon and climate system coupling on timescales from the
... the atmospheric vertical temperature gradient and the planetary effective blackbody radiative temperature are relatively fixed, this leads to an increase in surface temperature. The radiative impact of changing CO2 varies in an approximate logarithmic fashion with concentration; that is, each doubli ...
... the atmospheric vertical temperature gradient and the planetary effective blackbody radiative temperature are relatively fixed, this leads to an increase in surface temperature. The radiative impact of changing CO2 varies in an approximate logarithmic fashion with concentration; that is, each doubli ...
investigation into co2 absorption of the most
... 1.4. Effect of environmental stress factors on CO2 fixation Environmental stress factors such as salinity, desiccation, fluctuations in temperature and the reduction in solar radiation alter plant structure and metabolism, thereby affecting their growth and their role as CO2 absorbers (Martínez-Bal ...
... 1.4. Effect of environmental stress factors on CO2 fixation Environmental stress factors such as salinity, desiccation, fluctuations in temperature and the reduction in solar radiation alter plant structure and metabolism, thereby affecting their growth and their role as CO2 absorbers (Martínez-Bal ...
Collateral transgression of planetary boundaries due to climate
... on climate change. We calibrated the model in order to represent global carbon cycle dynamics consistent with observational data and simulations from detailed high-resolution Earth system models (Sect. 2.2). In the following, we provide an overview of the fundamental model equations. A detailed moti ...
... on climate change. We calibrated the model in order to represent global carbon cycle dynamics consistent with observational data and simulations from detailed high-resolution Earth system models (Sect. 2.2). In the following, we provide an overview of the fundamental model equations. A detailed moti ...
Carbon Dioxide Sequestration
... decade than global warming. A large body of evidence CO2 concentration and temperature. An example of one demonstrates that global temperatures are rising. Eleven such correlation is shown in Figure 1. A strong connection exists between temperature and atmospheric CO2 content, of the past 12 years r ...
... decade than global warming. A large body of evidence CO2 concentration and temperature. An example of one demonstrates that global temperatures are rising. Eleven such correlation is shown in Figure 1. A strong connection exists between temperature and atmospheric CO2 content, of the past 12 years r ...
Characterizing postindustrial changes in the ocean carbon cycle in
... MESMO so that export production occurs in the top 100 m above the compensation depth and is based on Michaelis–Menton nitrate uptake kinetics with further dependences on light, temperature, mixed layer depth (MLD) and biomass (Matsumoto et al., 2008). The production of CaCO3 occurs in waters supersa ...
... MESMO so that export production occurs in the top 100 m above the compensation depth and is based on Michaelis–Menton nitrate uptake kinetics with further dependences on light, temperature, mixed layer depth (MLD) and biomass (Matsumoto et al., 2008). The production of CaCO3 occurs in waters supersa ...
Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an important trace gas in Earth's atmosphere currently constituting about 0.04% (400 parts per million) of the atmosphere. Despite its relatively small concentration, CO2 is a potent greenhouse gas and plays a vital role in regulating Earth's surface temperature through radiative forcing and the greenhouse effect. Reconstructions show that concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere have varied, ranging from as high as 7,000 parts per million during the Cambrian period about 500 million years ago to as low as 180 parts per million during the Quaternary glaciation of the last two million years.Carbon dioxide is an integral part of the carbon cycle, a biogeochemical cycle in which carbon is exchanged between the Earth's oceans, soil, rocks and biosphere. The present biosphere of Earth is dependent on atmospheric CO2 for its existence. Plants and other photoautotrophs use solar energy to synthesize carbohydrate from atmospheric carbon dioxide and water by photosynthesis. Carbohydrate derived from consumption of plants as food is the primary source of energy and carbon compounds in almost all other organisms.The current episode of global warming is attributed primarily to increasing industrial CO2 emissions into Earth's atmosphere. The global annual mean concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere has increased markedly since the Industrial Revolution, from 280 ppm to 400 ppm as of 2015. The present concentration is the highest in the past 800,000 years and likely the highest in the past 20 million years. The increase has been caused by anthropogenic sources, particularly the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. The daily average concentration of atmospheric CO2 at Mauna Loa first exceeded 400 ppm on 10 May 2013. It is currently rising at a rate of approximately 2 ppm/year and accelerating. An estimated 30–40% of the CO2 released by humans into the atmosphere dissolves into oceans, rivers and lakes. which contributes to ocean acidification.