Download 1 Which of the following are the smallest cells? A) human ovum B

1 Which of the following are the smallest cells?
A)
human ovum
B)
red blood cell
C)
white blood cell
D)
smooth muscle cell
2 Two major parts of a cell are the nucleus and _____________________.
A)
membrane
B)
organelle
C)
reticulum
D)
mitochondrion
3 The __________________ proteins in a membrane function as enzymes.
A)
peripheral
B)
structural
C)
integral
D)
rod-like
4 The inside lining of the digestive tract is lined with cells that are held together by
____________________.
A)
gap junctions
B)
tight junctions
C)
connective tissue
D)
desmosomes
5 The ________________ is the source of most of the cellular energy.
A)
ribosome
B)
cytosol
C)
mitochondrion
D)
lysosome
6 The _____ contain enzymes that are used to degrade foreign particles as well as cell structures.
A)
centrioles
B)
lysosomes
C)
peroxisomes
D)
mitochondria
7 The ____________ is the organelle that plays a complex function in cell reproduction.
A)
centriole
B)
centrosome
C)
chromosome
D)
lysosome
8 The protein actin is found in _______________, which results in some type of movement or
contraction.
A)
Golgi bodies
B)
microfilaments
C)
microtubules
D)
cilia
9 The process that results in daughter cells with half of the original chromosome number is _____.
A)
mitosis
B)
prophase
C)
meiosis
D)
karyokinesis
10 Chromosomes are aligned along the equatorial line during the _______ stage of division.
A)
prophase
B)
metaphase
C)
anaphase
D)
telophase
11 The _______________ stage occurs when two daughter cells have completely formed.
A)
interphase
B)
prophase
C)
metaphase
D)
telophase
12 During hyperplasia, cells are dividing at a rapid rate and may progress towards a ____________ state.
A)
cancerous
B)
hypertrophy
C)
metaplasia
D)
metastasis
13 Which feature is not a characteristic of the cell membrane?
A)
It is made up of a phospholipid monolayer.
B)
It can seal tiny breaks in itself.
C)
It is selectively permeable and can regulate passage of material through it.
D)
Many kinds of proteins are embedded in the membrane.
15 ____________ provide(s) both structural support and the enzymes needed to make proteins from
amino acid building blocks.
A)
peroxisomes
B)
Golgi apparatus
C)
ribosomes
D)
mitochondria
16 Choose the organelle that consists of microtubules and functions both in distributing chromosomes
during cell division and in forming portions of cilia and flagella.
A)
lysosome
B)
mitochondria
C)
vesicle
D)
centrosome
17 In what part of the nucleus does ribosome production occur?
A)
within nuclear pores
B)
in the chromatin
C)
in the area of the nucleolus
D)
Ribosome production does not occur in the nucleus.
18 By which process does a glucose molecule move through a cell membrane protein carrier from a
region of greater concentration to one of lower concentration?
A)
simple diffusion
B)
facilitated diffusion
C)
active transport
D)
filtration
19 In the liver, the _________ may play a role in producing the enzymes that help detoxify drugs.
A)
mitochondria
B)
rough endoplasmic reticulum
C)
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D)
Golgi apparatus
20 A ribosome is an example of a _______________.
A)
nuclear membrane
B)
organelle
C)
inclusion
D)
protein
21 A cell membrane allows only needed substances to pass and is therefore called
____________________.
A)
permeable
B)
passive
C)
active
D)
selective
22 A human cell membrane is comprised of the following except which one?
A)
lipids
B)
proteins
C)
carbohydrates
D)
nucleic acids
23 The following molecules freely pass through a cell membrane except which one?
A)
oxygen
B)
carbon dioxide
C)
amino acids
D)
certain lipids
24 Hormones come in contact with the __________ molecules in a membrane.
A)
lipid
B)
rod-like protein
C)
globular protein
D)
integral protein
25 The cells in heart muscle are often held together by areas called ____________.
A)
desmosomes
B)
tight junctions
C)
gap junctions
D)
intercellular fluid
26 The ______________ contains enzymes that are associated with protein synthesis.
A)
mitochondrion
B)
ribosome
C)
lysosome
D)
Golgi body
27 The _____________ functions to package molecules into vesicles that can be transported out of a
cell.
A)
ribosome
B)
nucleus
C)
Golgi apparatus
D)
centriole apparatus
28 A combination of a sugar with a protein is a ____________________.
A)
lipoprotein
B)
glycoprotein
C)
complex protein
D)
nuclear protein
29 The _____________ functions as a sac-like or tubular network of structures that provides transport.
A)
ribosome
B)
lysosome
C)
endoplasmic reticulum
D)
centriole microtubules
30 The cristae are the inner portions of the _____________________.
A)
mitochondria
B)
ribosome
C)
inclusion bodies
D)
centrosome
31 Catalase is an enzyme, which degrades _________________________.
A)
hydrogen peroxide
B)
cell membranes
C)
bacteria
D)
peroxidase
32 The structures that cause fluids and mucus to move across their surface are the _____.
A)
flagella
B)
basal bodies
C)
cilia
D)
microfilaments
33 Which of the following human cells does not have a flagellum?
A)
sperm
B)
kidneys
C)
intestine
D)
testes
34 Membranous sacs that contain fluids or particles for transport are called the _____.
A)
microtubules
B)
microfilaments
C)
vesicles
D)
inclusion bodies
35 The following belong together except which one?
A)
microtubule
B)
microvilli
C)
aid in DNA movement
D)
comprise an internal skeleton
Which of the following is an example of catabolism?
A)
hydration
B)
hydrolysis
C)
protein synthesis
D)
peptide synthesis
Penicillin acts to render bacterial cells nonviable because it damages their _____.
A)
proteins
B)
DNA
C)
cell walls
D)
cell membranes
Which of these is an enzyme name?
A)
amylose
B)
sucrose
C)
lipase
D)
protein
Most reactions that produce energy in a cell utilize _____ as the main reaction type.
A)
catalysis
B)
oxidation
C)
reduction
D)
hydrolysis
Of the following, the molecule with the greatest amount of usable cell energy is _____.
A)
ADP
B)
glucose
C)
GTP
D)
ATP
How many net ATP molecules result from glycolysis?
A)
1
B)
2
C)
6
D)
38
The most significant function of proteins is to produce _____.
A)
amino acids
B)
energy
C)
cell structures
D)
DNA molecules
A gene instructs an organism to produce a/an _____.
A)
observable trait
B)
protein
C)
DNA sequence
D)
dividing cell population
The fundamental units found in DNA, RNA and ATP are _____.
A)
proteins
B)
nucleic acids
C)
nucleotides
D)
nitrogenous bases
The following belong together except which one?
A)
ribose
B)
phosphate
C)
uracil
D)
thymine
The amino acids are transported to the place where they will be assembled into proteins by _____.
A)
mRNA
B)
tRNA
C)
rRNA
D)
proteins
Enzymes function in chemical reactions to ____________________.
A)
lower the energy of activation needed to start the reaction
B)
act as substrate molecules
C)
prevent the development of metabolic pathways
D)
keep reactants from interacting
Most of the readily-available energy stored in ATP is stored during the ________________.
A)
decomposition of ATP to ADP
B)
phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP
C)
phosphorylation of AMP to ADP
D)
manufacture of adenosine
The first several steps of glycolysis are considered the energy-investment steps because
______________.
A)
energy within glucose is expended to start the pathway
B)
energy is stored in the form of ATP and expended later
C)
reactions
energy from ATP is transferred to intermediates along the pathway to drive the
D)
pathway
metabolic pathways can be interconnected, and glucose could enter more than one
The acetyl group is transported to the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) by what carrier?
A)
mitochondrial inner membrane
B)
FADH2
C)
coenzyme A
D)
oxaloacetic acid
What occurs during the citric acid cycle?
A)
Glucose is generated.
B)
Electrons are passed along cytochromes.
C)
Carbon dioxide and hydrogen atoms are released, and two molecules of ATP form.
D)
Oxaloacetic acid is regenerated from coenzyme A.
Which molecule represents the storage form of glucose in the liver?
A)
glycogen
B)
glucagon
C)
disaccharide
D)
lactic acid
A _____ bond is formed when an amino group of one amino acid joins the acid group of another.
A)
carbohydrate
B)
peptide
C)
hydrated
D)
fat
A protein with many amino acids is called a _____.
A)
peptide
B)
dipeptide
C)
polypeptide
D)
polymer
The chemical process of _____ is involved in the digestion of a compound such as a disaccharide.
A)
dehydration
B)
hydrolysis
C)
synthesis
D)
anabolism
The molecule that is acted upon by an enzyme is a__________.
A)
reactant
B)
product
C)
substrate
D)
catalyst
The _____ will decompose hydrogen peroxide.
A)
enzyme catalase
B)
presence of any enzyme
C)
enzyme hydrolase
D)
mitochondria
Which of the following will catalyze the breakdown of starches?
A)
protease
B)
amylase
C)
lipase
D)
sucrase
The substrate for lipase would be _____.
A)
fats
B)
sucrose
C)
a protein
D)
maltose
The following terms belong together except which one?
A)
enzyme
B)
vitamin
C)
glucose
D)
mineral
What are the most common coenzyme molecules used to activate an enzyme?
A)
minerals
B)
vitamins
C)
hormones
D)
proteins
The following factors will decrease the function of most enzymes except which one?
A)
radiation
B)
50 degrees C
C)
pH of 7.9
D)
pH of 7.4
Energy metabolism is an expression that can be used to mean the same as _____.
A)
oxidation
B)
anabolism
C)
cellular respiration
D)
cellular metabolism
Respiration yields _____ as a gaseous waste product.
A)
hydrogen
B)
water
C)
carbon dioxide
D)
oxygen