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UNITED NATIONS Distr. GENERAL FCCC/AWGLCA/2008/6 1 November 2008 Original: ENGLISH AD HOC WORKING GROUP ON LONG-TERM COOPERATIVE ACTION UNDER THE CONVENTION Fourth session Poznan, , 30 November to 11 December 2008 Item 3(a) of the provisional agenda . Enabling the full, effective and sustained implementation of the Convention through long-term cooperative action now, up to and beyond 2012, by addressing, inter alia: a. A shared vision for long-term cooperative action A shared vision for long-term cooperative action1 Note by the Executive Secretary This paper is part of a simulation of the Poznan negotiations undertaken for the 2008 Capstone of the International Relations Program at the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs of Syracuse University. It is not a document of the United Nations. 1 FCCC/AWGLCA/2008/6 Page 2 At its first session in Bangkok from 30 March to 4 April 2008, the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the Convention (AWG-LCA) established procedures for negotiating the successor to the Kyoto Protocol of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change by the conclusion of the 15th Conference of Parties to the Convention (COP-15). It decided to continue a parallel focus on the five critical themes: Shared vision for long-term cooperative action Enhanced national/international action on mitigation Enhanced action on adaptation Enhanced action on technology development and transfer to support action on mitigation and adaptation Enhanced action on the provision of financial resources and investment to support action on mitigation and adaptation and technology cooperation. The Bali Action Plan, adopted at the 13th Conference of Parties (COP-13)2 2. Decides that the process shall be conducted under a subsidiary body under the Convention, hereby established and known as the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the Convention, that shall complete its work in 2009 and present the outcome of its work to the Conference of the Parties for adoption at its fifteenth session; It requested that the group to report to the Conference of the Parties at its fourteenth session on progress made; In the agreed conclusions of the first meeting of the AWG-LCA prepared by the Chairman3, The AWG-LCA agreed that its work should be facilitated by workshops and other activities to deepen understanding and clarify elements contained in the Bali Action Plan. Accordingly, the AWG-LCA requested the secretariat, under the guidance of the Chair in consultation with Parties, to organize the workshops listed in the annex. The AWG-LCA requested the Chair in his summary of each session to include the views expressed at the workshops. According to the agreed schedule one of the workshops at its fourth session in Poznan, is on the Shared vision for long-term cooperative action. The Bali Action Plan specifies that the negotiations need to address, inter alia,4 2 FCCC/2007/6/Add.1, Decision 1/C.13, para. 2. 3 FCCC/AWGLCA/2008/L.2 4 FCCC/2007/6/Add.1, Decision 1/C.13, para. 1(a) FCCC/AWGLCA/2008/6 Page 3 A shared vision for long-term cooperative action, including a long-term global goal for emission reductions, to achieve the ultimate objective of the Convention, in accordance with the provisions and principles of the Convention, in particular the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, and taking into account social and economic conditions and other relevant factors; This implies that the workshop and subsequent discussion should address two distinct, but related issues, (1) the long-term goal for emission reductions, including both the amount and the timing, and (2) the common but differentiated responsibilities of States based on all relevant factors. In order to help focus the discussion, the Secretariat has arranged for two experts to participate in the workshop panel, together with the representatives of several States party. The experts will present the results of the Fourth Assessment Report prepared by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.5 State will recall that6 Climate change is a very complex issue: policymakers need an objective source of information about the causes of climate change, its potential environmental and socio-economic consequences and the adaptation and mitigation options to respond to it. This is why WMO and UNEP established the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 1988. The Fourth Assessment Report was issued in late 2007 and was based on the results of Working Groups I, II and III. The workshop will include a presentation on the findings of Working Group I that describe progress in understanding of the human 5 http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/syr/ar4_syr.pdf 6 http://www.ipcc.ch/about/index.htm The IPCC is a scientific body: the information it provides with its reports is based on scientific evidence and reflects existing viewpoints within the scientific community. The comprehensiveness of the scientific content is achieved through contributions from experts in all regions of the world and all relevant disciplines including, where appropriately documented, industry literature and traditional practices, and a two stage review process by experts and governments. The IPCC provides its reports at regular intervals and they immediately become standard works of reference, widely used by policymakers, experts and students. The findings of the first IPCC Assessment Report of 1990 played a decisive role in leading to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which was opened for signature in the Rio de Janeiro Summit in 1992 and entered into force in 1994. It provides the overall policy framework for addressing the climate change issue. The IPCC Second Assessment Report of 1995 provided key input for the negotiations of the Kyoto Protocol in 1997 and the Third Assessment Report of 2001 as well as Special and Methodology Reports provided further information relevant for the development of the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol. The IPCC continues to be a major source of information for the negotiations under the UNFCCC. FCCC/AWGLCA/2008/6 Page 4 and natural drivers of climate change,1 observed climate change, climate processes and attribution, and estimates of projected future climate change. It will also include a presentation of the findings of Working Group III that describe new literature on the scientific, technological, environmental, economic and social aspects of mitigation of climate change, published since the IPCC Third Assessment Report (TAR) and the Special Reports on CO2 Capture and Storage (SRCCS) and on Safeguarding the Ozone Layer and the Global Climate System (SROC). As a starting point, it should be recalled that the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change states as its objective that7 The ultimate objective of this Convention and any related legal instruments that the Conference of the Parties may adopt is to achieve, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Convention, stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. Such a level should be achieved within a time frame sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner. In adopting the Kyoto Protocol to the Convention in 1998,8 The Parties included in Annex I shall, individually or jointly, ensure that their aggregate anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions of the greenhouse gases listed in Annex A do not exceed their assigned amounts, calculated pursuant to their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments inscribed in Annex B and in accordance with the provisions of this Article, with a view to reducing their overall emissions of such gases by at least 5 per cent below 1990 levels in the commitment period 2008 to 2012. The Kyoto Protocol only entered into force in February 2005. The process of negotiating the commitments for the successor period have been entrusted to the AWG-LCA. The subsequent assessments by the IPCC suggest that a longer time horizon may be necessary. It also presented several scenarios describing when the consequences of climate change was likely to become particularly severe. In examining the how to apportion responsibility for both adaptation strategies and mitigation of greenhouse gas emission during the period that will be determined, 7 http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/conveng.pdf , Article 2. 8 http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng.pdf , Article 3, para. 1. FCCC/AWGLCA/2008/6 Page 5 the issues of economic and social development are expected to be taken into account. In addition,, the UNFCCC specifes that 9 In the implementation of the commitments in this Article, the Parties shall give full consideration to what actions are necessary under the Convention, including actions related to funding, insurance and the transfer of technology, to meet the specific needs and concerns of developing country Parties arising from the adverse effects of climate change and/or the impact of the implementation of response measures, especially on: (a) Small island countries; (b) Countries with low-lying coastal areas; (c) Countries with arid and semi-arid areas, forested areas and areas liable to forest decay; (d) Countries with areas prone to natural disasters; (e) Countries with areas liable to drought and desertification; (f) Countries with areas of high urban atmospheric pollution; (g) Countries with areas with fragile ecosystems, including mountainous ecosystems; (h) Countries whose economies are highly dependent on income generated from the production, processing and export, and/or on consumption of fossil fuels and associated energy-intensive products; and (i) Landlocked and transit countries. The result of the discussions on a shared vision should be included in the Chairman’s summary that should, following past practice, be agreed by consensus among the Parties. 9 Ibid. Article 4, para. 8