Download Mood Disorders - Henderson State University

___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ PSYCHOLOGY
___________________________________ (8th Edition, in Modules)
David Myers
___________________________________ PowerPoint Slides
Aneeq Ahmad
Henderson State University
Worth Publishers, © 2007
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___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Mood Disorders
___________________________________ Module 50
___________________________________ ___________________________________ 2
___________________________________ Psychological Disorders
___________________________________ Mood Disorders
___________________________________ ƒ Major Depressive Disorders
___________________________________ ƒ Bipolar Disorder
___________________________________ ƒ Explaining Mood Disorders
___________________________________ ___________________________________ 3
Psychology 8 ed., David Myers Module 50 PowerPoint Slides, Aneeq Ahmad 1
OBJECTIVE 50‐1| Define mood disorders, and Mood Disorders
contrast major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. Emotional extremes of mood disorders come in two principal forms.
___________________________________ ___________________________________ 1. Major depressive disorder
2. Bipolar disorder
___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ 4
___________________________________ Major Depressive Disorder
___________________________________ Depression is the “common cold” of psychological disorders. In a year 5.8% men and 9.5% women report depression worldwide (WHO, 2002).
___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Blue mood
Major Depressive Disorder
Gasping for air after a hard run
Chronic shortness of breath
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___________________________________ Major Depressive Disorder
___________________________________ Major depressive disorder occurs when signs of depression last two weeks or more and are not caused by drugs or medical conditions.
1.
2.
3.
4.
___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Signs include:
Lethargy and tiredness
Feelings of worthlessness
Loss of interest in family & friends
Loss of interest in activities
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Psychology 8 ed., David Myers Module 50 PowerPoint Slides, Aneeq Ahmad 2
___________________________________ Dysthymic Disorder
___________________________________ Dysthymic disorder lies between blue mood and major depressive disorder. A disorder characterized by daily depression lasting two years or more.
___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Blue Mood
Dysthymic
Disorder
Major Depressive
Disorder
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___________________________________ Bipolar Disorder
___________________________________ Formerly called manic‐depressive disorder, alteration between depression and mania signals bipolar disorder.
___________________________________ ___________________________________ Depressive Symptoms
Manic Symptoms
Gloomy
Elation
Withdrawn
Euphoria
___________________________________ Inability to make decisions
Tired
Slowness of thought
Desire for action
Hyperactive
Multiple ideas
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___________________________________ Bipolar Disorder
___________________________________ Many great writers, poets, composers suffered from bipolar disorder. During their manic phases, their creativity surged and dropped off during their depressive phases.
Clemens
___________________________________ Earl Theissen/ Hulton Getty Pictures Library
The Granger Collection
Wolfe
George C. Beresford/ Hulton Getty Pictures Library
Bettmann/ Corbis
Whitman
___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Hemingway
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Psychology 8 ed., David Myers Module 50 PowerPoint Slides, Aneeq Ahmad 3
OBJECTIVE 50‐2| Discuss the facts that an Explaining Mood Disorders
acceptable theory of depression must explain. Since depression is so prevalent worldwide, investigators want to develop a theory of depression that will suggest ways to treat it. ___________________________________ Lewinsohn et al., (1985, 1995) note that a theory of depression should explain:
___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ 1. Behavioral and cognitive changes
2. Common causes of depression
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___________________________________ Theory of Depression
___________________________________ 3. Gender differences
___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ 11
___________________________________ Theory of Depression
___________________________________ 4. Depressive episodes self‐terminate.
5. Depression is increasing, especially in the teens.
___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Desiree Navarro/ Getty Images
___________________________________ Post‐partum depression
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Psychology 8 ed., David Myers Module 50 PowerPoint Slides, Aneeq Ahmad 4
___________________________________ Suicide
___________________________________ The most severe form of behavioral response to depression is suicide. Each year some 1 million people commit suicide worldwide.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
___________________________________ ___________________________________ Suicide Statistics
National differences
Racial differences
Gender differences
Age differences
Other differences
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OBJECTIVE 50‐3| Summarize the contribution Biological Perspective
of the biological perspective to the study of depression, and discuss the link between Genetic Influences: Mood disorders run in families. Rates of depression is higher in identical (50%) than fraternal twins (20%).
suicide and depression. ___________________________________ Linkage analysis and associations studies link possible genes and dispositions for depression.
___________________________________ Jerry Irwin Photography
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___________________________________ Neurotransmitters & Depression
Reduction of norepinephrine and serotonin has been implicated in depression.
Drugs that alleviate mania reduce norepinephrine.
___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Pre‐synaptic
Neuron
Norepinephrine
Serotonin
Post‐synaptic
Neuron
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Psychology 8 ed., David Myers Module 50 PowerPoint Slides, Aneeq Ahmad 5
___________________________________ The Depressed Brain
___________________________________ PET scans show that brain energy consumption rises and falls with manic and depressive episodes.
___________________________________ ___________________________________ Courtesy of Lewis Baxter an Michael E.
Phelps, UCLA School of Medicine
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OBJECTIVE 50‐4| Summarize the contribution Social‐Cognitive Perspective
of the social‐cognitive perspective to the study of depression, and describe the events in the The social‐cognitive perspective suggests that depression arises partly from self‐defeating beliefs and negative explanatory styles.
cycle of depression. ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ 17
___________________________________ Depression Cycle
___________________________________ 1. The negative stressful events.
2. Pessimistic explanatory style.
3. Hopeless depressed state.
4. Hampers the way the individual thinks and acts, and thus fuels personal rejection.
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Psychology 8 ed., David Myers Module 50 PowerPoint Slides, Aneeq Ahmad 6
___________________________________ Example
___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Explanatory style plays a major role in becoming depressed.
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Psychology 8 ed., David Myers Module 50 PowerPoint Slides, Aneeq Ahmad 7