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Depressive Rumination: Nature, Theory and Treatment
Depressive Rumination: Nature, Theory and Treatment

... Rumination is a class of conscious thoughts that revolve around a common instrumental theme and that recur in the absence of immediate environmental demands requiring the thoughts. Although the occurrence of these thoughts does not depend on direct cueing by the external environment, indirect cueing ...
Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar Disorder

... As mentioned in Chapter , bipolar disorder is an ancient condition that has been described, in various forms, for centuries if not millennia. Nearly 3,000-year-old biblical writings depict depressive- and manic-like rages as expressions of “evil spirits.” The ancient Greeks recognized both depress ...
posttraumatic stress and adaptation in patients following acute
posttraumatic stress and adaptation in patients following acute

... Acute Cardiac Events‘ (TRACE) study. Although most commonly diagnosed in individuals that have experienced traumatic events such as war, natural disasters or assault, there is now increasing evidence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in individuals after onset, diagnosis, or treatment for phys ...
The traumatization of grief?
The traumatization of grief?

...  Grief is multidimensional with physical, behavioral and ...
Copyright by Tonya Lynn Kellerman 2005
Copyright by Tonya Lynn Kellerman 2005

... episodic illness but fail to meet strict criteria for mania because episodes are too short or because they lack the hallmark symptom of elevated mood. Most broadly, the child may have a chronic non-episodic illness that lacks the hallmark symptoms of euphoria and grandiosity but that has symptoms of ...
- UCL Discovery
- UCL Discovery

... & Scheier, 1978) to account for anxious states and anxiety disorders. It will be argued that existing models are too non-specific, with similar accounts having been put forward across different disorders, reducing the explanatory power o f the framework. Therefore two novel distinctions will be put ...
Preventing Generalized Anxiety Disorder in an At
Preventing Generalized Anxiety Disorder in an At

... high base rates of some disorders; Brown, et al., 2001). Thus, questions have been raised regarding the diagnostic validity of standard criteria, actual prevalence in the general population, and the meaning and implications of comorbid anxiety and depressive disorders. In a large-scale study of como ...
Abstract
Abstract

... 2001a, 2001b). Gilbert and Allan (1998) argue that the motivation to escape, central to entrapment, distinguishes it from related concepts like learned helplessness. In humans, a sense of entrapment may be associated with stressful life events or circumstances that are particularly chronic and ongoi ...
A n e
A n e

... among the sample (46% lifetime prevalence; 36% 12-month prevalence). No significant gender differences were found in the rates of DSH. Participants from the combined Asian and Coloured racial group reported significantly higher rates of DSH than both White and Black participants. Participants aged 2 ...
Pediatric-Onset Bipolar Disorder - Foundation for Excellence in
Pediatric-Onset Bipolar Disorder - Foundation for Excellence in

... ity may be greater in adolescents than in prepubertal chilonly two cases of type I disorder were identified (apparent dren, especially given information on family history and morbid risk < 0.2%). Although the reported risk for adolescent bipolar I disorder is low, this level of risk of conditions lo ...
Treatment of Patients With Major Depressive Disorder
Treatment of Patients With Major Depressive Disorder

... a. Establish and maintain a therapeutic alliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 b. Complete the psychiatric assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 c. Evaluate the safety of th ...
Treatment of Patients With Major Depressive Disorder PRACTICE GUIDELINE FOR THE
Treatment of Patients With Major Depressive Disorder PRACTICE GUIDELINE FOR THE

... a. Establish and maintain a therapeutic alliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 b. Complete the psychiatric assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 c. Evaluate the safety of th ...
The bidirectionality of the relationship between insomnia, anxiety
The bidirectionality of the relationship between insomnia, anxiety

... 6.2.1. Bidirectionality across various age groups and cultures ..................................................................161 6.2.2. Bidirectionality across different methods of assessment ................................................................163 6.2.3. Bidirectionality and follow- ...
(g) Adult Bipolar Disorder
(g) Adult Bipolar Disorder

... episodes over a lifetime, though some may have many more or fewer episodes • Even when optimally treated, the BPD symptoms may wax and wane significantly • BPD diagnoses can change (i.e. patients with one type of bipolar diagnosis and go on to develop another, different bipolar diagnosis due to chan ...
Of Scaredy Cats and Cold Fish
Of Scaredy Cats and Cold Fish

... between maternal psychiatric symptoms, both pre-and postpartum, and infant heart rate. Of primary interest is whether psychiatric symptoms experienced by the mother during her pregnancy influences the infant’s autonomic nervous system after birth. This mirrors ongoing research concerning the hypotha ...
Depression And Bipolar Disorder - Entertainment Industries Council
Depression And Bipolar Disorder - Entertainment Industries Council

... heart of all we do: education, resources, and recognition. Education provides our creative community with a better understanding of health and social issues and the ways we can each make an impact in addressing these issues. Resources we develop provide the tools for taking action. Recognition we re ...
Self-Reported Depressive Symptoms and Antisocial
Self-Reported Depressive Symptoms and Antisocial

... 2.3.4.2 Prevalence and incidence of adolescent antisocial behaviour ..........42 2.3.5 Development, course and consequences of adolescent antisocial behaviour............................................................................................45 2.3.5.1 Etiology of adolescent antisocial behav ...
Atlas of Bipolar Disorders
Atlas of Bipolar Disorders

... affect multiple neurological and body systems, creating disabilities, pain, and grief that cannot be explained in simple descriptive terms about a person’s moods and emotions. This illness has biological, social, and economic repercussions. Periods of frightening manic and depressive episodes can le ...
Cesarean Delivery
Cesarean Delivery

... heparin in combination with antibiotics; however, evidence of benefit is lacking.23 Trial of Labor After Cesarean Delivery The decision by a pregnant woman to attempt a trial of labor after cesarean delivery (TOLAC) or a planned ERCD involves balancing individual maternal and neonatal risks, as well ...
As a PDF file - E
As a PDF file - E

... During the 18-month follow-up period 8% of patients attempted suicide. The risk of an attempt was markedly higher (RR=7.54) during an episode of major depression compared with a period of remission. Suicide attempt during the follow-up period was predicted by lack of partner, a history of previous s ...
Anger Intensification With Combat
Anger Intensification With Combat

... combat veterans is routinely observed, but its possible intensification when PTSD and MDD are conjoined has not been examined. If such intensification of anger were to be found, then that would have relevance for violence prevention because multiple studies have shown that anger is predictive of vio ...
Preeclampsia–Eclampsia | SpringerLink
Preeclampsia–Eclampsia | SpringerLink

... The FOGSI-ICOG NER has brought forth some revealing trends. Eclampsia prevalence among registry patients is 1.9 %. National sample surveys in the past have shown prevalence to be 1–5 %. This is out of the 11,725 deliveries analyzed from the cases reported by 175 reporting centers. Number of cases of ...
META-ANALYSIS OF RISK FACTORS FOR PTSD
META-ANALYSIS OF RISK FACTORS FOR PTSD

... Comorbid psychological difficulties, acute post-traumatic stress symptoms, and coping styles are among the factors intrinsic to the child that have been considered as risk factors for PTSD. Other cognitive (Dalgleish et al., 2005; Meiser-Stedman, 2002; Salmon & Bryant, 2002) and biological mechanism ...
Distinguishing rumination from worry in clinical insomnia
Distinguishing rumination from worry in clinical insomnia

... Greenall, 2003) have been used there are no validated rumination-specific measures used in insomnia. If they are indeed similar processes but with different content, it is possible that differing treatment strategies might be needed for each. Despite the paucity of research, some studies have demonst ...
COMPASS Therapeutic Notes on the Management of Chronic
COMPASS Therapeutic Notes on the Management of Chronic

... Problems with adherence to medication during pregnancy Adherence to medication in pregnancy can be poor.6 Women may already have stopped taking their medication when they first present to the GP with the pregnancy.3 Pregnant women tend to perceive their teratogenic risk of medications as significan ...
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Postpartum depression

Postpartum depression (PPD), also called postnatal depression, is a type of clinical depression which can affect both sexes after childbirth. Symptoms may include sadness, low energy, changes in sleeping and eating patterns, reduced desire for sex, crying episodes, anxiety, and irritability. While many women experience self-limited, mild symptoms postpartum, postpartum depression should be suspected when symptoms are severe and have lasted over two weeks. In about 1 to 2 per 1,000, postpartum depression results in postpartum psychosis.Although a number of risk factors have been identified, the causes of PPD are not well understood. Hormonal change is hypothesized to contribute as one cause of postpartum depression. The emotional effects of postpartum depression can include sleep deprivation, anxiety about parenthood and caring for an infant, identity crisis, a feeling of loss of control over life, and lack of support from a romantic or sexual partner."" Many women recover with treatment such as a support group, counseling, or medication.Studies report prevalence rates among women from 5% to 25%, but methodological differences among the studies make the actual prevalence rate unclear. Among men, in particular new fathers, the incidence of postpartum depression has been estimated to be between 1% and 25.5%. In the United States, postpartum depression is one of the leading causes of the murder of children less than one year of age which occurs in about 8 per 100,000 births.ReferencesPostpartum major depression occurs in approximately one of 10 childbearing women and is considerably underdiagnosed. If left untreated, the disorder can have serious adverse effects on the mother and her relationship with significant others, and on the child's emotional and psychologic development. A simple screening instrument can be used to increase the detection of postpartum major depression. Although few well-controlled studies have been done to support the use of any one modality, the mainstay of treatment has been antidepressant therapy, alone or in combination with psychotherapy. Plasma concentrations of antidepressant drugs are usually low in the breast-fed infant, and most studies demonstrate that certain antidepressants can be used during lactation without any important adverse effects on the infant.
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