Download Natural Selection and the Evidence of Evolution

On each flap you should see:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Modern Theory of Evolution
Origins of Evolution
Natural Selection & Types
Influences of Evolution
Patterns of Evolution & Speciation
Evidences of Evolution
Evidences continued…
1. Modern Theory of
Evolution
Read through the following slides and fill out the information for
this page. Some parts you will need to cut out.
(Inside) On Top Half of 1st Flap : Use the
following slides to answer the questions
What is Evolution?
What is Natural Selection?
EVOLUTION
Why makes certain individuals
more able to survive?
How does Natural
Selection work?
What is evolution?
The change in populations over time.
Insights into why only
certain individuals survive…
• Traits vary among populations; these traits are inherited
• Breeding with others that had desirable traits produced offspring
with these traits
What is natural selection?
• Mechanism of change in populations over time
(Inside) On Bottom Half of 1st Flap:
Who is Darwin?
Who is Malthus?
Who is Charles Darwin?
• English scientist/naturalist
whose ideas provide foundation
for the theory of evolution by
natural selection
• Sailed on HMS Beagle for 5 years
studying and collecting biological
and fossil specimens
Major Ports of Call…
• Galapagos Islands
• Location: Near equator, 1000km off west coast of S. America
• What he studied: many species of animals and plants unique to the island,
but are similar elsewhere
• Major findings: Observations led to his consideration that species change
over time
Darwin’s book…
• 1859, The Origin of Species
• Detailed account on his ideas and
theories that support evolution
Darwin’s Hypothesis…
• Artificial Selection- breeding organism with specific traits in order to
produce offspring with identical traits
• There is force in nature that works like artificial selection
Thomas Malthus
• Proposed idea that human populations grow faster than Earth’s food
supply
How Malthus affected Darwin’s
ideas…
• Realized organisms struggle to compete in changing environments.
Many types of competition exist:
• Food and space
• Escaping predators
• Location of shelter
2. Origins of Evolution
Read through the following slides and fill out the information for
this page. Some parts you will need to cut out.
(Inside) On Top Half of 2nd Flap :
BIOGENSIS
SPONTANEOUS
GENERATION
Spontaneous Generation
• Theory states that non-living matter produces life
• Disproved by Redi’s Experiment
“Life does not just appear, it comes from other living things”
Biogenesis
• Theory that living things come from other living things
• Proven by Pasteur’s experiment
(Inside) On Bottom Half of 2nd Flap :
• Paste/Tape pictures from the cut outs page
3. Natural Selection
Read through the following slides and fill out the information for
this page. Some parts you will need to cut out.
(Inside) On Top Half of 3rd Flap :
What is Natural Selection?
How does it occur?
NATURAL SELECTION
What are the types of Natural
Selection?
Picture
Natural Selection
What is it?
• Change in an allele over a
period of time
How does it occur?
• Occurs in populations! Evolution
can not occur in a single
individual
Types of Natural Selection are:
• Stabilizing
• Directional
• Disruptive
Example: Bird Beak Size in the
Galapagos Islands
(Inside) On Bottom Half of 3rd Flap write:
Glue in the following picture & Label the following:
A) mode of natural selection in
which a single phenotype is
favored, causing the allele
frequency to continuously shift in
one direction
B) Mode of natural selection in
which genetic diversity decreases
as the population stabilizes,
selects against extreme values of
the character and favors the
intermediate variants
C) extreme values for a trait are
favored; the variance of the trait
increases and the population is
divided into two distinct groups
4. Influences of Evolution
Read through the following slides and fill out the information for this
page. Some parts you will need to cut out.
(Inside) On Top Half of 4th Flap write:
Glue in the following picture & Label the following:
Genetic Equilibrium
• Defined as the frequency of
alleles that remains the same
over generations
• Evolution only occurs when
alleles are not in equilibrium
• Label the picture that shows
“genetic equilibrium”
Mutations
• Any change in DNA
• Causing individuals in a
population to express a new
phenotype
(Inside) On Bottom Half of 4th Flap write:
Glue in the following picture & Label the following:
Gene Flow
• also called migration
• addition of genes into a
population
• alters allelic frequencies
Genetic Drift
• random events remove genes
from a population
• gene frequencies in a
population change
5. Patterns of Evolution &
Speciation
Read through the following slides and fill out the information for this
page. Some parts you will need to cut out.
(Inside) On Top Half of 5th Flap write:
Glue in the following picture & Label the following:
Divergent Evolution
Convergent Evolution
• Species that evolve to be
different even though they
come from a common
ancestor
• Species that evolve to be
similar to each other
• For example: they have
similar structures
(Inside) On Bottom Half of 5th Flap write:
Glue in the following picture & Label the following:
Speciation
• a lineage-splitting event that
produces two or more separate
species
6. Evidences of Evolution
Read through the following slides and fill out the information for this
page. Some parts you will need to cut out.
(Inside) On Top Half of 6th Flap write:
Evidences of Evolution
• Adaptations- structural and physiological
• Fossil Evidence
• Anatomical Evidence
• Embryology
• Biochemistry
Why?
• Variation that aids an organisms chances of survival in its
environment
• Develop in a species over many generations
(Inside) On Bottom Half of 6th Flap write:
Structural Adaptations
Physiological Adaptations
• What are they?
• Changes in organism’s
• Protect against predators
metabolic processes
• Mimicry
• Example:
• Enables one species to
• After years of exposure
resemble another
to specific pesticides,
insects and weeds have
• Camouflage
become resistant
• Enables species to blend with
surroundings
• Teeth and Claws
7. Evidences Continued
Read through the following slides and fill out the information for this
page. Some parts you will need to cut out.
(Inside) On Top Half of 7th Flap write:
Fossil Evidence
• Indirect source
• Provide record of early life
• As record becomes more
complete, the sequence of
evolution is clearer
Anatomical Evidence
1.
Homologous Structurescommon evolutionary origin
2. Analogous Structures- no common
origin, but similar in function
(Inside) On Bottom Half of 7th Flap write:
Anatomical Evidence
• Vestigial- body structure in present day
organism that no longer serves original
purpose
Embryological Evidence
• Similarities in development before
birth
Biochemical Evidence
• All organisms share DNA, ATP and
many enzymes among their
biochemical molecules