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Online Counseling Resource
YCMOU ELearning Drive…
School of Architecture, Science and Technology
Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra
Open University, Nashik – 422222, India
OC-SBT/ SBI/ SGS034-CP1-03
Introduction
Programmes and Courses
 SEP – SBT034 – Unit 01
 SEP – SBI034 – Unit 01
 SEP – SGS034 – Unit 01
School of Science and Technology, Online Counseling Resource…
Credits
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Academic Inputs by
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Arun Punaji More.
M.Sc. (Microbiology)
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Experience: 11 Years
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[email protected]
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School of Science and Technology, Online Counseling Resource…
How to Use This Resource
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Counselor at each study center should use this presentation to deliver
lecture of 40-60 minutes during Face-To-Face counseling.
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Discussion about students difficulties or tutorial with assignments should
follow the lecture for about 40-60 minutes.
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Handouts (with 6 slides on each A4 size page) of this presentation should
be provided to each student.
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Each student should discuss on the discussion forum all the terms which
could not be understood. This will improve his writing skills and enhance
knowledge level about topics, which shall be immensely useful for end
exam.
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Appear several times, for all the Self-Tests, available for this course.
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Student can use handouts for last minutes preparation just before end
exam.
© 2007, YCMOU. All Rights Reserved.
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School of Science and Technology, Online Counseling Resource…
Learning Objectives
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After studying this module, you should be able to:
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Define anabolic processes.
Discuss the requirements for anabolic
processes.
Enlist different anabolic reactions and anabolic
pathways.
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School of Science and Technology, Online Counseling Resource…
Introduction
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Metabolism is defined as total sum of all
the enzymatic reactions involved in
biosynthesis and generation of energy
required for these biosynthesis processes.
The reactions of metabolisms involved in
biosynthesis are called as anabolic
reactions and total sum all the enzymatic
anabolic reactions are called as anabolism.
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School of Science and Technology, Online Counseling Resource…
Anabolism-1
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Anabolic reactions are also known as
assimilation reactions.
Anabolic reactions utilize metabolic
intermediates and energy generated from
catabolic reactions to synthesize the cells
components.
Anabolic reactions require input of energy
in the forms of ATP molecules or reduced
co enzymes, NADH and NADPH.
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School of Science and Technology, Online Counseling Resource…
Anabolism-2
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In mammalian cells the energy required
for the anabolic reactions in forms
mentioned above are provided by five
metabolic pathways( or catabolic
pathways). These are as below:
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glycolytic pathway
citric acid cycle
β oxidation of fatty acids
oxidative phosphorylation
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School of Science and Technology, Online Counseling Resource…
Anabolism-3
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The starting materials for anabolic
pathways are called as precursors which
are abundantly made available by
catabolic pathways.
Sugar, amino acids, fatty acids and
nitrogenous bases are precursors utilized
in anabolic reactions.
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School of Science and Technology, Online Counseling Resource…
Anabolism-4
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Acetyl CoA generated by carbohydrates
and fatty acids oxidations is precursor for
the synthesis of cholesterol.
For the biosynthesis of heme, glycine,
succinyl CoA and iron are precursor
molecules.
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School of Science and Technology, Online Counseling Resource…
Anabolism-5
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Various anabolic pathways thus produce
various cell components by utilizing these
precursors molecules and energy in forms
of ATP and NADH and NADPH molecules.
ATP releases free energy required for
various biosynthesis reactions in cells.
The free energy released by ATP molecule
is 12 Kcal/mole upon its hydrolysis.
ATP + H2O → ADP + Pi + free energy
12Kcal/mole.
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School of Science and Technology, Online Counseling Resource…
Types of Reactions in Anabolism
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Oxidation-reduction reactions.
Ligation reactions.
Isomerization reactions.
Group transfer reactions.
Hydrolytic reactions.
Addition or removal of functional group
transfer reactions.
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School of Science and Technology, Online Counseling Resource…
Anabolic Biochemical Pathways
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Photosynthesis pathway
Gluconeogenesis
Pathways involved in synthesis of amino
acids
Pathways involved in biosynthesis of fatty
acids.
School of Science and Technology, Online Counseling Resource…
Photosynthesis Pathway
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Photosynthesis pathway produce the
basic building block i.e. Glucose required
for the synthesis of almost all
constituents of the animal cells.
In photosynthesis light energy is
converted into chemical energy in forms
of ATP and NADPH which are used to
fixed atmospheric CO2 to produce glucose
in the Calvin cycle.
School of Science and Technology, Online Counseling Resource…
Gluconeogenesis
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Biosynthesis of glucose in mammals is
called as gluconeogensis.
In mammals glucose is synthesized from
the precursors such as pyruvate, lactate
and alanine.
Synthesis of one molecule of glucose
requires two molecules of pyruvate, four
molecules of ATP and two molecules of
GTP.
In mammal, glucose is synthesized in
liver and kidney from lactate and alanine.
School of Science and Technology, Online Counseling Resource…
What We Learn…..
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Concept of anabolism
Anabolic reactions are also known as
assimilation reactions.
Free energy released by ATP molecule is
12 Kcal/mole upon its hydrolysis.
In photosynthesis light energy is
converted into chemical energy in forms
of ATP and NADPH
Biosynthesis of glucose in mammals is
called as gluconeogensis.
School of Science and Technology, Online Counseling Resource…
Critical Thinking Question
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Why the anabolic biochemical reactions
are dependent on catabolic biochemical
reactions in mammals?
School of Science and Technology, Online Counseling Resource…
Tips for Critical Thinking Question
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ATP
NAPDP
GTP
School of Science and Technology, Online Counseling Resource…
Study Tips
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Book
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Title: Fundamentals of Biochemistry
Author: Dr. J. L Jain
Publication: W S. Chand and Co. , New Delhi.
Book
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Title: Principles of Biochemistry
Author: Dr. H Robert Horton
Publication: W S. Chand and Co. , New Delhi.
End of the Presentation
Thank You !