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Consultation Report: Adapting to Climate Change in Tasmania Tasmanian Climate Change Office Department of Premier and Cabinet June 2013 Department of Premier and Cabinet – Tasmanian Climate Change Office TRIM REF: 13/18171 CONSULTATION REPORT: ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN TASMANIA Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY............................................................................. 4 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 8 1.1 ABOUT THIS REPORT ............................................................................................................. 8 1.2 THE CONSULTATION PROCESS ......................................................................................... 9 2. HUMAN SETTLEMENTS AND INFRASTRUCTURE .................... 11 2.1 ISSUES IDENTIFIED BY STAKEHOLDERS ......................................................................... 11 2.2 OPPORTUNITIES ....................................................................................................................13 2.3 BARRIERS .................................................................................................................................14 2.4 RESPONSES SUGGESTED BY STAKEHOLDERS ............................................................15 3. NATURAL SYSTEMS .......................................................................... 18 3.1 ISSUES IDENTIFIED BY STAKEHOLDERS .........................................................................18 3.2 OPPORTUNITIES ....................................................................................................................19 3.3 BARRIERS .................................................................................................................................19 3.4 RESPONSES SUGGESTED BY STAKEHOLDERS ............................................................19 4. WATER MANAGEMENT .................................................................... 21 4.1 ISSUES RAISED BY STAKEHOLDERS .................................................................................21 4.2 OPPORTUNITIES................................................................................................................... 22 4.3 BARRIERS ................................................................................................................................ 23 4.4 RESPONSES SUGGESTED BY STAKEHOLDERS ........................................................... 24 5. INDUSTRY SECTORS .......................................................................... 26 5.1 ISSUES IDENTIFIED BY STAKEHOLDERS ........................................................................ 26 5.2 OPPORTUNITIES ................................................................................................................... 26 5.3 BARRIERS ................................................................................................................................ 27 Department of Premier and Cabinet – Tasmanian Climate Change Office 2/44 CONSULTATION REPORT: ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN TASMANIA 5.4 RESPONSES SUGGESTED BY STAKEHOLDERS ........................................................... 28 6. NATURAL DISASTERS ........................................................................ 30 6.1 ISSUES IDENTIFIED BY STAKEHOLDERS ........................................................................ 30 6.2 OPPORTUNITIES ....................................................................................................................31 6.3 BARRIERS ................................................................................................................................ 32 6.4 RESPONSES SUGGESTED BY STAKEHOLDERS ........................................................... 32 7. HUMAN HEALTH AND VULNERABLE COMMUNITIES ........... 35 7.1 ISSUES IDENTIFIED BY STAKEHOLDERS ........................................................................ 35 7.2 OPPORTUNITIES ................................................................................................................... 37 7.3 BARRIERS ................................................................................................................................ 37 7.4 RESPONSES SUGGESTED BY STAKEHOLDERS............................................................ 38 8. OVERARCHING THEMES .................................................................. 39 9. NEXT STEPS...........................................................................................42 ATTACHMENT 1 .......................................................................................43 WRITTEN SUBMISSIONS RECEIVED FOR THE ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN TASMANIA ISSUES PAPER ........................................................................................................ 43 Department of Premier and Cabinet – Tasmanian Climate Change Office 3/44 CONSULTATION REPORT: ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN TASMANIA Executive Summary The Tasmanian Climate Change Office (TCCO) within the Department of Premier and Cabinet will be releasing a 2020 Climate Change Strategy (the Strategy) in late 2013. To inform adaptation responses for inclusion in the Strategy, community consultation was undertaken by the TCCO in late 2012. The consultation focussed on six priority areas: human settlements and infrastructure; natural systems; water management; industry sectors; natural disasters; and human health and vulnerable communities. The consultation included the public release of an Issues Paper seeking written submissions, and a series of targeted roundtables. This report summarises the outcomes of the consultation, including the key issues, opportunities and barriers that stakeholders see Tasmania facing in adapting to a changing climate. It also outlines a series of responses that stakeholders suggested that the Tasmanian Government may choose to consider when developing the Strategy. The consultation indicated that the greatest climate change impacts on human settlements and infrastructure are likely to occur in coastal areas. Coastal communities have different capacities to adapt to these impacts. Local government is concerned about its ability to undertake adaptation responses in these communities due to liability issues. There is also concern about the ability of key public infrastructure to cope with climate change impacts. Stakeholders emphasised the need to review and update current coastal policies and guidelines, or develop an alternative framework to consider coastal protection and planning matters that takes account of climate change risks and opportunities. Furthermore, it was suggested that the Tasmanian Government may need to address liability issues for local government. Greater strategic direction and an integrated risk management plan were seen as requirements to reduce impacts on critical public infrastructure. Department of Premier and Cabinet – Tasmanian Climate Change Office 4/44 CONSULTATION REPORT: ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN TASMANIA Natural systems in Tasmania were regarded as being particularly vulnerable to climate change impacts. It was noted that relevant policy at all levels of government should consider these impacts and focus on the common goal of reducing the vulnerability and increasing the resilience of terrestrial, freshwater and marine systems. Protecting natural systems would provide Tasmania with a significant opportunity to capture and store carbon. To minimise impacts on natural systems, it was indicated that there should be an ongoing commitment to human and financial resources for data and modelling of changes and risks to systems, and for undertaking vulnerability assessments. A changing climate is likely to impact on the distribution and availability of Tasmania’s water resources, therefore impacting on water users, particularly during dry periods. Further impacts are anticipated from climate change impacts such as seasonal rainfall variations, an increase in severe rain and flash flooding events and an increase in evaporation from open waters and soils. A lack of financial resources to invest in critical infrastructure, and a general resistance to change water management practices by water users were seen as barriers to adaptation in this area. There may be economic opportunities for Tasmania from water trading and export, and from industry investment to capitalise on water supply. To take advantage of these opportunities, it was suggested that there should not be any significant restrictions on water trading and export, and that the Tasmanian Government should continue to support Tasmanian Irrigation Pty Ltd in its bid for funding from Infrastructure Australia for key irrigation projects. Industry sectors in Tasmania are seen to be at varied levels of awareness about climate change and preparedness to act. Despite evident changes in climate conditions, it was suggested by stakeholders that many industry representatives are unwilling to attribute this to climate change. Key concerns raised by industry sectors relate to changes in water availability, and ensuring that the land-use planning system will not restrict them from adapting. A lack of financial resources and a volatile global economy are seen as key barriers to adaptation. Department of Premier and Cabinet – Tasmanian Climate Change Office 5/44 CONSULTATION REPORT: ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN TASMANIA Stakeholders indicated that adaptation responses in the industry sector must be industry-led. Industries have opportunities to adapt by investing in higher value crops and new technologies to help drive market demand. Tasmania has the opportunity to market itself as a leader in innovative industries, and as a place where people and businesses want to invest. There is concern about projected increases in climate-related natural disasters in Tasmania. Stakeholders indicated that the broader community is not clear who is responsible for natural disaster risk management and what can be done by various parties to minimise the associated risks. It was suggested that all levels of government continue to work together to educate the community about expected risks and the roles and responsibilities of government and other parties to manage these risks. Stakeholders also emphasised that the land-use planning system may need to be modified to enable it to deal with natural hazards effectively. Any modifications made should be clearly communicated to the broader community. Stakeholders indicated that Tasmania’s health system is likely to be placed under increased strain in the future as a result of climate change. There may be a need to deal with increased incidents of climate change related health problems, particularly from vulnerable members of the community, and a potential inflow of climate migrants and refugees. Key social infrastructure, facilities and services may also be placed under increased strain as a result. Stakeholders recommended that health and population related strategies in Tasmania should consider a future climate change. Guidelines could also be developed to enable public and private low income housing to more readily take account of a future climate. A number of overarching themes were evident throughout the consultation process. These are detailed in Section 8: Overarching Themes and can be summarised as: Climate change adaptation should be embedded in risk management frameworks and practices; Collection, provision and communication of climate change information are key roles for the Tasmanian Government; Department of Premier and Cabinet – Tasmanian Climate Change Office 6/44 CONSULTATION REPORT: ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN TASMANIA There is a lack of understanding of climate change risks, and that responding to these risks is a shared responsibility; and Climate change adaptation should be considered as part of the Tasmanian Government’s broader policy and strategic frameworks. Department of Premier and Cabinet – Tasmanian Climate Change Office 7/44 CONSULTATION REPORT: ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN TASMANIA 1. Introduction 1.1 ABOUT THIS REPORT The Tasmanian Climate Change Office (TCCO) within the Department of Premier and Cabinet is preparing a 2020 Climate Change Strategy (the Strategy) to detail the Tasmanian Government’s approach to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and adapting to our changing climate. To inform the development of adaptation responses for the Strategy, the Adaptation Unit in the TCCO has been consulting with business, industry, the community and across Government to seek their input and ideas on how Tasmania can best adapt to the impacts of climate change1. In the latter half of 2012, the following stakeholder consultation was undertaken: The collaborative development, and subsequent public release of an issues paper - Adapting to Climate Change in Tasmania2 - which requested written feedback; and A series of small, targeted roundtables to engage directly with key stakeholders. This report summarises the key themes and suggested responses raised by stakeholders during the consultation process. The Tasmanian Government will consider these responses as appropriate when developing the Strategy. The TCCO will be consulting with key stakeholders on proposed climate change mitigation responses for inclusion in the Strategy over coming months. 2 Adapting to Climate Change in Tasmania Issues Paper, 2012 http://www.dpac.tas.gov.au/divisions/climatechange/adapting/adapting_to_climate_change_in_tasma nia 1 Department of Premier and Cabinet – Tasmanian Climate Change Office 8/44 CONSULTATION REPORT: ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN TASMANIA 1.2 THE CONSULTATION PROCESS PHASE ONE – DEVELOPMENT AND RELEASE OF THE ISSUES PAPER The Adapting to Climate Change in Tasmania Issues Paper (the Issues Paper) was prepared by the TCCO in consultation with: Tasmanian Government agencies; and The Tasmanian Climate Action Council (TCAC) - an independent advisory body to the Tasmanian Government. The Issues Paper focussed on the roles and responsibilities of the Tasmanian Government and six priority areas for adaptation response in Tasmania: The priority areas discussed were: Human settlements and infrastructure; Natural systems; Water management; Industry sectors; Natural disasters; and Human health and vulnerable communities. The Issues Paper was released for public comment on 1 October 2012 and closed on 16 November 2012. There was a strong response to the Issues Paper with 39 written responses received. Of these, two submissions were focused on emissions reduction and will be considered through the climate change mitigation consultation process. The remaining 37 submissions are drawn upon in this report. A full list of respondents is included at Attachment 1. Responses were received from a range of organisations and individuals. These included: Tasmanian Government agencies, local councils, natural resource management groups and environmental non-government organisations, Department of Premier and Cabinet – Tasmanian Climate Change Office 9/44 CONSULTATION REPORT: ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN TASMANIA consultancy firms, research and advisory organisations, the business sector, and individual members of the community. PHASE TWO – TARGETED CONSULTATION THROUGH ROUNDTABLES A series of roundtables were held during late 2012 to discuss adaptation issues and options for response. They focused on the six priority areas in the Issues Paper and included around 60 representatives from a range of groups and sectors from across Tasmania. Topics discussed at each of the roundtables included: Climate change issues and opportunities anticipated for Tasmania; Appropriate roles and responsibilities for the Tasmanian Government in adapting to climate change impacts; Any potential barriers to implementing adaptation responses in Tasmania; and Identification of suggested adaptation responses. Department of Premier and Cabinet – Tasmanian Climate Change Office 10/44 CONSULTATION REPORT: ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN TASMANIA 2. Human Settlements and Infrastructure 2.1 ISSUES IDENTIFIED BY STAKEHOLDERS Consultation indicated that, in Tasmania, the greatest climate change related impacts on human settlements and infrastructure are likely to occur in coastal areas. Coastal inundation, erosion and storm surges are already impacting on human settlements and infrastructure near the high water mark and climate change is likely to exacerbate these impacts into the future. Stakeholders commented that Tasmania’s State Coastal Policy (1996)3 does not adequately address climate change and that Tasmania’s Coastal Risk Management Plan4 could also deal with climate change impacts in a more effective way. A number of local councils raised issues through written submissions about their legal liability in the coastal zone. In Tasmania, like most other states and territories, there is no specific legislated exemption from liability for local councils in relation to the negative impacts arising from responding to coastal hazards. Local government is less willing to respond to risks in coastal areas and to implement adaptive responses, as they perceive they may be at significant risk of legal action5. Several state and local government stakeholders explained that the broader community appears to lack a general understanding about the risks facing Tasmanian State Coastal Policy (1996) http://www.dpac.tas.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/91392/State_Coastal_Policy_1996.pdf 4 Tasmanian Coastal Risk Management Plan (2009) http://www.dpiwe.tas.gov.au/inter/nsf/WebPages/KCRE-7PETZ6?open 5 In Tasmania, the Civil Liability Act (2002) provides that generally, a Council will not be liable for any act or omission unless it can be shown that it was manifestly unreasonable. However, operation and interpretation of this provision in relation to coastal hazards and climate change remains untested in Tasmania. 3 Department of Premier and Cabinet – Tasmanian Climate Change Office 11/44 CONSULTATION REPORT: ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN TASMANIA Tasmania’s coastline, and demonstrates a certain level of indifference towards undertaking adaptive responses unless they are already dealing with current day impacts. Stakeholders suggested that Tasmania’s major publicly owned infrastructure assets are likely to be at risk from a changing climate; but that this risk does not appear to be addressed at a strategic level, nor is there any perceived proactive assessment of the extent and possible impacts of these risks. Publicly owned infrastructure is managed by individual Tasmanian Government agencies and it is perceived that there is no integrated approach to risk management of these assets. Transport infrastructure is at risk from extreme heat, bushfires, coastal inundation and erosion, and inland flooding. Recent extreme weather events in Tasmania have demonstrated the risk posed to transport infrastructure such as roads, bridges and railways. Communities are also at risk of being isolated due to damage to transport infrastructure during extreme weather events, as evidenced during flooding events on the East Coast in 2011. Tasmania’s energy infrastructure may have some vulnerability to climate change impacts. Increased rainfall and in-land flooding in some areas could impact negatively on access to Tasmania’s hydro-electric assets due to the increased potential for landslips or slope instabilities on road approaches around assets. Spill characteristics (frequency and duration) for Hydro-electric dams may be impacted. However, due to the inherent variability in existing hydrology, and existing conservatism in design practice, the impact on dams and spillways is not expected to be material. Drier conditions in other areas could also pose a risk to energy and water infrastructure. For example, bushfires could severely affect linear infrastructure such as water pipelines, power lines, and electricity power stations. There is also a risk that, as the ground becomes drier, movements could occur in the foundations that may increase the susceptibility of soils to erosion. Department of Premier and Cabinet – Tasmanian Climate Change Office 12/44 CONSULTATION REPORT: ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN TASMANIA On-site wastewater treatment is another significant issue for stakeholders. In some areas, septic tanks and wastewater treatment systems will become more frequently inundated, resulting in more frequent escape of contaminants. Sewering and holding tanks could be potential solutions, but both options carry considerable cost. Privately owned infrastructure is also at risk because building standards and design guidelines are perceived to be based on historical data, as opposed to future climate projections. There is seen to be a limited understanding of what is needed to make future buildings resilient to climate change impacts. Warmer temperatures could result in dry-wood termites becoming established in Tasmania, with the potential for significant impact upon both public and privately owned assets. Timber buildings, bridges and support structures will be particularly impacted as these assets have generally not been designed to resist the dry-wood termite. 2.2 OPPORTUNITIES Consultation indicated that future strategic planning for publicly owned transport, energy and water infrastructure presents a significant opportunity for Tasmania. Considering projected climate change impacts in strategic planning will work to ensuring that infrastructure is fit for purpose for future conditions representing a better return on investment for the Tasmanian Government. Tasmania could move towards a more regional approach to infrastructure planning that also takes account of local infrastructure considerations. Regional infrastructure planning presents an opportunity for consistency in implementation of adaptation responses. A regional approach should be supported by resources to implement and review regional planning projects. Local Government cannot undertake infrastructure planning in isolation, and the Tasmanian Government should provide appropriate guidance and support. Department of Premier and Cabinet – Tasmanian Climate Change Office 13/44 CONSULTATION REPORT: ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN TASMANIA 2.3 BARRIERS Many of the barriers to adaptation responses that were identified through consultation in this area relate to Tasmanian and local government leadership and planning. There is a perceived lack of political leadership on climate change adaptation from both levels of government. Stakeholders indicated that this has resulted in the community not being aware of the roles and responsibilities at both levels with regards to adaptation planning and responses. There is a perceived inconsistency between Tasmanian Government agencies in relation to human settlement and infrastructure policy and planning, which makes it difficult for stakeholders to determine the best way to undertake adaptation planning. A lack of consistent, state-wide land-use planning provisions to address natural hazards and inconsistencies with how local councils consider development proposals in vulnerable areas were also identified as barriers to considering and implementing adaptation responses. A degree of indifference towards climate change adaptation is perceived to exist in the broader community. It is seen that this is mostly due to the community not understanding the potential risks posed by climate change. It appears that the community may not engage with adaptation messaging if they do not believe they are at immediate risk of impact. Department of Premier and Cabinet – Tasmanian Climate Change Office 14/44 CONSULTATION REPORT: ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN TASMANIA 2.4 RESPONSES SUGGESTED BY STAKEHOLDERS A number of suggested responses were raised by stakeholders during the consultation process to deal with coastal hazards in Tasmania. Sea level rise planning allowances were introduced by the Tasmanian Government in October 2012.6 These allowances, as well as the coastal inundation maps that have been developed by the State Government, were acknowledged as important steps in the management of coastal areas. A review of the State Coastal Policy (1996) and Coastal Risk Management Plan was identified as being required to ensure that climate change impacts are considered and guidance is provided on how to respond to climate change risks in coastal areas. From this review, a new coastal planning and protection framework could be developed that takes account of these matters. With regards to new and existing settlements that are vulnerable to natural hazards, a number of stakeholders supported placing land-use planning restrictions on new developments in areas that are identified as vulnerable to particular hazards. Dealing with existing settlements was acknowledged as being a contentious policy area, but one that needs attention. Stakeholders indicated that different adaptation options such as accommodation, protection and retreat may need to be pursued in different areas. The Tasmanian Coastal Adaptation Decisions Pathway Project7 was highlighted as a good example of engaging with existing settlements and communities about hazard management and adaptation responses and that the project’s approach could be adopted in other areas. In October 2012, the Tasmanian Government established sea level rise planning allowances for 2050 and 2100. These allowances have been integrated into coastal inundation mapping that is now available and will be integrated into coastal erosion mapping when it is released later in 2013. The allowances and the coastal hazard mapping will be formally implemented through the Coastal Protection and Planning Framework which is currently under development. Further information is available at: http://www.dpac.tas.gov.au/divisions/climatechange/what_the_government_is_doing/new_tools_to_i mprove_planning_for_sea_level_rise_and_coastal_hazards 7 Tasmanian Coastal Adaptation Decision Pathways Project, http://www.dpac.tas.gov.au/divisions/climatechange/adapting/_tasmanian_coastal_adaptation_decisi on_pathways_project 6 Department of Premier and Cabinet – Tasmanian Climate Change Office 15/44 CONSULTATION REPORT: ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN TASMANIA In considering of the legal liability issues raised by local government, it was suggested that the Tasmanian Government could consider avenues for exemption from liability for coastal hazards when detailed guidelines and rules are adhered to. This is the case in New South Wales, where the Local Government Act (1993) provides exemptions for liability for Local Government when responding to coastal, in-land flooding and bushfire hazards8. In the absence of legislative protection, the Tasmanian Government may consider other options, such as amendments to the Land Use Planning and Approvals Act (1993)9 to provide councils with scope to place conditions on developments. Awareness programs which inform the community about the projected impacts to the coast under a changing climate should be a priority. Stakeholders indicated that leveraging off existing awareness programs such as Witness King Tides10, could be an appropriate way to engage with the community. Providing the community with access to data and information on their individual and/or community risk through a publicly available website or mobile app could also be considered. There are a number of existing networks and information delivery models available through NGOs that the Tasmanian Government could utilise to extend awareness messaging. To ensure effective and consistent development and management of Tasmania’s publicly owned assets in the face of a changing climate; stakeholders indicated that climate change could be a core element of any future state-wide infrastructure strategies that are developed. Furthermore, adaptation could be considered as part of the assessment criteria for procurement by the Tasmanian Government. A statewide infrastructure asset risk management plan could also be developed and implemented consistently across Tasmanian Government agencies. In terms of private infrastructure, it was suggested that the Tasmanian Government could approach the Australian Building Codes Board to request that the Building New South Wales Local Government Act (1993) http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/lga1993182/s733.html 9 Tasmanian Land Use and Approvals Act (1993) http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/consol_act/lupaaa1993296/ 10 Green Cross Australia, Witness King Tides Project, http://www.witnesskingtides.org/ 8 Department of Premier and Cabinet – Tasmanian Climate Change Office 16/44 CONSULTATION REPORT: ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN TASMANIA Code of Australia regulations take account of projected climate change information as opposed to historic data. Other building standards and guidelines could also be reviewed to take account of projected climate information. Department of Premier and Cabinet – Tasmanian Climate Change Office 17/44 CONSULTATION REPORT: ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN TASMANIA 3. Natural Systems 3.1 ISSUES IDENTIFIED BY STAKEHOLDERS Tasmania’s natural systems are already under significant stress; a situation that is likely to be exacerbated by projected climate change impacts. Terrestrial biodiversity is an extremely vulnerable area in relation to these projected impacts. Species and communities will be directly affected by changes such as changing availability of water, higher temperatures, and rising sea levels. These changes will occur in addition to existing stressors on terrestrial systems such as habitat loss and the incursion of invasive species. Freshwater and marine natural systems are also vulnerable to a changing climate, with both at significant risk from the introduction of new pests and diseases. Changes in water quality and quantity, and a potential reduction in the amount of suitable habitat available for aquatic species, will also impact on freshwater systems. Marine systems will be impacted as oceans become more acidic (as a result of a reduction in the natural absorption of carbon dioxide), and warming seas will lead to a shift in species distribution, and a general decline in marine biodiversity. Legislation and policies that relate to natural systems were highlighted as requiring review and revision to reflect climate change projections. It was also indicated that, where possible, management conservation policies and principles should be taken into account when considering industry and development objectives. Long-term monitoring data sets are reliable and important records of natural system changes. A number of stakeholders perceived that the true value of these data sets is not fully recognised and that, as a result, human and financial resourcing to collect and maintain the data is in steady decline. The loss of skills and knowledge in this area was identified by stakeholders as a key risk for Tasmania’s natural systems. Department of Premier and Cabinet – Tasmanian Climate Change Office 18/44 CONSULTATION REPORT: ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN TASMANIA 3.2 OPPORTUNITIES Feedback from the consultation indicated that natural systems that are well adapted to climate change will continue to provide economic benefits for Tasmania, particularly in primary industries and the tourism sector. They will also provide significant environmental benefits such as carbon capture and storage. Opportunities were also identified for Tasmania to undertake early investment in biodiverse landscape plantings to increase areas of native vegetation. This would help to protect existing habitat, as well as potentially create new habitat. It also provides further opportunities for carbon capture in Tasmania. There may also be opportunities for the Tasmanian Government to work more closely with groups such as Landcare and Coastcare to drive broader community awareness and understanding about climate change impacts to natural systems. 3.3 BARRIERS It was indicated that some private landowners may be reluctant to change their land management practices and protect natural carbon resources. A lack of financial resources and uncertainty about future market prices, debt levels and market demands are likely to make private landowners less willing to invest in adaptation responses. Some private landowners may also need to be provided with evidence that there will be a sufficient return on investment to incentivise them to change their management practices. 3.4 RESPONSES SUGGESTED BY STAKEHOLDERS It was suggested that the Tasmanian Government should continue to undertake climate change vulnerability and risk assessments for natural systems. This could guide investment, planning and the facilitation of potential retreat pathways. It Department of Premier and Cabinet – Tasmanian Climate Change Office 19/44 CONSULTATION REPORT: ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN TASMANIA could also be important to improve the resilience and adaptive capacity of ecosystems and individual species to existing and future stressors11. Furthermore, stakeholders showed support for the Tasmanian Government continuing to undertake climate change data collection, monitoring and management, as this work was viewed as being critical to better understanding and adapting to changes in natural systems. Specific needs in this area include: Inventories that include physical location, reference sites and baseline biological data; Enhanced ecosystem mapping and modelling of potential impacts from climate change, particularly in marine and terrestrial environments; A better understanding of refugia12 options in Tasmania; An increased knowledge of geology and geomorphology to determine vegetation distribution and geodiversity priorities ; and Data on the potential impacts climate change presents for Tasmania’s Wilderness World Heritage Area. Existing data could be re-purposed for research into climate change impacts. For example, re-interpretation of historic aerial photos could be utilised to determine the trajectory and rate of change, especially for impacts associated with sea level rise. Similarly, re-examining historical datasets and tools such as TASVEG13 may be able to assist in developing solutions and adaptation options. Some suggestions to build Tasmania’s adaptive capacity are contained in Gilfedder L, Macgregor NA, , Bridle K, Carter O and Sprod D (2012), Implementing Adaptation to Climate Change in Terrestrial and Freshwater Natural Environments in Tasmania, http://www.dpipwe.tas.gov.au/inter.nsf/Publications/CART-9233WE?open 12 Refugia refers to an area in which organisms can survive through a period of unfavourable conditions. 13 TASVEG is a Tasmania-wide vegetation map produced by the Tasmanian Vegetation Mapping and Monitoring Program. Find out more at: http://www.dpiwe.tas.gov.au/inter.nsf/ThemeNodes/LJEM6PE7J4?open 11 Department of Premier and Cabinet – Tasmanian Climate Change Office 20/44 CONSULTATION REPORT: ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN TASMANIA It was recommended by stakeholders that the Tasmanian Government undertake a review to improve and align policies relating to natural systems. This would assist in dealing with the perceived differences between industry and conservation principles. Adoption of the Precautionary Principle14 in legislation and policies relating to coastal areas may assist with managing coastal systems. Communication, education and engagement with the community were seen by stakeholders as key action areas for the Tasmanian Government. There is still perceived to be some indifference within the community and industry sectors regarding the impacts of climate change on natural systems. Communicating information on climate change impacts and associated risks could help to reduce some of this indifference. Providing the community with access to good scientific and land management information and financial incentives through subsidies and grants could encourage commitment to long-term beneficial outcomes for Tasmania’s natural systems by industry and the broader community. 4. Water Management 4.1 ISSUES RAISED BY STAKEHOLDERS A changing climate will have a number of impacts on Tasmania’s water resources. Whilst generally abundant, rainfall in Tasmania is unevenly distributed across the State, both spatially and seasonally, with water often limited in its availability during the dry summer period. Projected climate change impacts such as seasonal rainfall The Precautionary Principle is defined as: ‘Where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage, lack of full scientific certainty shall not be used as a reason for postponing cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation’, United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, 1992, http://www.un.org/documents/ga/conf151/aconf15126-1annex1.htm 14 Department of Premier and Cabinet – Tasmanian Climate Change Office 21/44 CONSULTATION REPORT: ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN TASMANIA variations, an increase in severe rain and flash flooding events and increased evaporation from open waters and soils, are likely to further impact on the availability of water in Tasmania in some areas and at some times of the year. These projected changes are likely to impact on water users. These changes and differences between the water needs of various users are expected to magnify stresses on freshwater supplies, as well as on freshwater dependent ecosystems. Determining sustainable yields in Tasmania is an ongoing issue for water managers. Despite data and projections provided in studies such as Climate Futures for Tasmania15 and the Tasmania Sustainable Yields Project16, determining what constitutes sustainable extraction is difficult. The challenge of sustainably allocating water for extractive purposes is made more difficult by the additional impacts of climate change into the future. Climate change will impact on Tasmania’s hydro-electric power generation, and it was suggested that the risk of reduced power generation capacity should be considered by the Tasmanian Government and Hydro Tasmania. Potential impacts on Tasmania’s hydro-electric infrastructure are discussed in Section 2: Human Settlements and Infrastructure. 4.2 OPPORTUNITIES The availability of water resources, and ongoing development of irrigation infrastructure, could also result in considerable further investment in Tasmania, particularly in agricultural industries. This would foster the Government’s vision for Tasmania to substantially increase its food and agriculture production and become a major supplier of the nation’s premium food products. Climate Futures for Tasmania, http://www.dpac.tas.gov.au/divisions/climatechange/adapting/climate_futures 16 Tasmania Sustainable Yields Project, http://www.csiro.au/en/OrganisationStructure/Flagships/Water-for-a-Healthy-Country-Flagship/Sustainable-Yields-Projects/TASSY.aspx 15 Department of Premier and Cabinet – Tasmanian Climate Change Office 22/44 CONSULTATION REPORT: ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN TASMANIA Stakeholders suggested that there may be economic opportunities for Tasmania to capitalise on its freshwater supplies through water trading and exporting. Exporting water may be particularly viable for Tasmania as water supplies are likely to become comparatively scarcer in other areas of Australia. Although water exporting is not currently part of Tasmania’s economic landscape, there does not appear to be restrictions on the practice occurring in the future, should appropriate infrastructure be put in place to transfer water supplies. The ongoing adoption of more advanced technology in Tasmania may also provide an opportunity to ensure that water management tools and data are more easily accessed by water users. It was suggested that development of an overarching state water policy that provides a framework for planning, management, usage, accountability and compliance, taking into account climate change, could provide an opportunity to guide more effective and sustainable water management for Tasmania; underpinning development and investment in the water sector. 4.3 BARRIERS The barriers to adaptation in the water sector raised by stakeholders principally relate to the lack of financial resources and the highly volatile global economy. These factors could impact on the ability of the Tasmanian Government, Hydro Tasmania, the water corporations and other key organisations to invest in critical water infrastructure and improved data collection and management tools. Other barriers raised relate to a general resistance to change traditional water management practices by industry and a lack of understanding of potential issues relating to water extraction and usage. For example, and notwithstanding historical context, the issues of continued reliance on direct extraction from rivers for irrigation need to be considered in the context of a changing climate. There is also a perceived lack of understanding about river extraction limits and about what impact this may have on industries when water becomes limited. Department of Premier and Cabinet – Tasmanian Climate Change Office 23/44 CONSULTATION REPORT: ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN TASMANIA 4.4 RESPONSES SUGGESTED BY STAKEHOLDERS It was suggested that the Tasmanian Government could develop a strategic framework for water use, management and investment in Tasmania. The framework should give consideration to projected climate change impacts on water resources and ensure that the way water is managed and allocated in the future is comprehensively set out. This will provide certainty for the water sector and enable decisions to be made about the best approach to managing risks in relation to water availability. In its regulatory role, it was suggested that the Tasmanian Government could continue to ensure that there are no significant restrictions to investment in water infrastructure in Tasmania. This includes irrigation scheme developments and investment in infrastructure to extend the use of recycled water. It was also suggested that there should not be any significant restrictions for water markets. At the request of the Tasmanian Government, Tasmanian Irrigation Pty Ltd is developing business cases for a range of ‘shovel ready’ projects to be submitted to Infrastructure Australia. These projects will assist water users, particularly in agricultural industries, to manage their water supplies into the future. Stakeholders indicated that the Tasmanian Government could continue to look for opportunities to leverage investment in water infrastructure. It was noted that the Tasmanian Government should maintain its commitment to collecting data and undertaking modelling on water yields and usage. It should also consider upgrading its water management systems. These activities will contribute to more sustainable water management practices. A need for more research and water management studies to occur at the local level was identified and, where possible, support should be given for undertaking this work. For example, more studies could be undertaken by councils to determine the impact of climate change on river systems prone to flooding, or hydraulic modelling Department of Premier and Cabinet – Tasmanian Climate Change Office 24/44 CONSULTATION REPORT: ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN TASMANIA of stormwater drainage systems could be undertaken to identify new pluvial flood risks due to climate change. Stakeholders indicated that ongoing engagement should continue to occur between the Tasmanian Government and water users, as well as amongst water users themselves. This is critical to ensure that water users are well informed on allocations, their obligations and responsibilities, and current and projected water availability levels. Providing this information will assist water users to adapt to changes in water availability as needed. Information on sustainable water management practices was regarded as being critical to assist water users in their adaptation efforts. An expansion of the successful Wealth from Water Program17 could be considered as a means to engage with and educate water users about how to get the most out of their water resources. Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment Wealth from Water Program, http://www.dpipwe.tas.gov.au/inter.nsf/WebPages/LBUN-8M54FC?open 17 Department of Premier and Cabinet – Tasmanian Climate Change Office 25/44 CONSULTATION REPORT: ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN TASMANIA 5. Industry Sectors 5.1 ISSUES IDENTIFIED BY STAKEHOLDERS Stakeholder feedback indicated that different industry sectors are at varied levels of preparedness for adapting to the impacts of climate change. While some industries, such as the energy industry, are already engaging in adaptive action, other industries are less advanced. Climate variability, and potentially climate change, is already impacting on a number of industry sectors, particularly the primary industries. Stakeholders indicated that they knew of a number of primary producers who were experiencing losses to stock and profits due to climate related events, but were often reluctant to attribute these losses to climate change. Changes in rainfall and run-off, and potential damage to infrastructure are key issues for industry. Water is an important resource for primary industries in Tasmania, and there is concern about the capacity of these industries to adapt to projected changes to rainfall. Catchment, storage and irrigation systems must be suitably designed and fitted to ensure maximum efficiency. Stakeholders indicated that the land-use planning system needs to recognise the dynamic nature of climate change and not inhibit industry from undertaking adaptation measures. They also indicated that they are often not clear where to go within the Tasmanian Government for information or direction on land-use management matters. 5.2 OPPORTUNITIES Feedback from consultation indicated that, as climate change may impact more severely on mainland Australia, Tasmania may be regarded as a more favourable place to live and to invest. Department of Premier and Cabinet – Tasmanian Climate Change Office 26/44 CONSULTATION REPORT: ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN TASMANIA Stakeholders also identified opportunities for investment that leverage Tasmania’s water supply, our high quality air and soil and our unique maritime climate. They also indicated that investment opportunities are particularly positive for industries such as viticulture and aquaculture in a changing climate. Industry growth could also lead to further skilled migration and jobs growth for Tasmania. Climate change presents an opportunity for industries to develop innovative products or solutions, diversify their products, and attract additional investment. A number of specific opportunities identified included establishing alternative sources of renewable energy, introducing new crops, varying the timing of crop production to meet different markets and increased crop or livestock production. Opportunities exist to inform industries on the longer term cost savings of incorporating adaptation responses into risk management planning, as opposed to being reactive to climate related extreme events. There is also an opportunity for industries to consider a future climate and adaptation when determining future markets and associated risks and opportunities. This would help to minimise maladaptive outcomes18. 5.3 BARRIERS The principal barrier to climate change adaptation raised by Tasmanian industry sectors is financial and related to the volatile global economy. Currently, many industries do not have the financial resources to invest in adaptation measures, with some industries suffering a significant downturn in revenue. Adaptation responses need to represent value for money, and have capacity for return on investment. The different levels of preparedness of different industry sectors for adapting to the impacts of climate change also represents a barrier. Climate change is also not seen ‘Maladaptive’ refers to adaptation actions that ultimately leave the community worse off. Australian Government Productivity Commission, Inquiry into Barriers to Effective Climate Change Adaptation, http://www.pc.gov.au/projects/inquiry/climate-change-adaptation/report 18 Department of Premier and Cabinet – Tasmanian Climate Change Office 27/44 CONSULTATION REPORT: ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN TASMANIA as a direct risk to businesses and industries, and therefore is often not considered in risk management planning. 5.4 RESPONSES SUGGESTED BY STAKEHOLDERS It was noted consistently through the consultation process that adaptation responses within industry sectors need to be industry-led, with the Tasmanian Government playing a supporting role. Key opportunities for the Tasmanian Government to support industry could include capacity building, education, awareness raising, financial incentives and regulation. There is a need to integrate adaptive responses into management frameworks and action plans and across industries and locations. By taking such an approach, issues can be dealt with more holistically and effectively. In order to support the development and implementation of such responses, an online directory of various resources, tools, and approaches could be made available. This directory could bring together the resources that have been developed by organisations such as the Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, the Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment and the Department of Premier and Cabinet’s Tasmanian Climate Change Office. It was suggested that the Tasmanian Government could play a leadership role by modelling an integrated, collaborative approach to adaptation action. As part of this approach, areas of government that consider natural resource management matters could be better integrated and consider a more holistic approach in their management practices. Education and awareness raising for industry sectors was noted as a key role for the Tasmanian Government, and will be important to encourage behaviour change. There is also a role for the Tasmanian Government to support local climate change modelling and research, building on the work of Climate Futures for Tasmania. Peer mentoring and utilising local expertise will be important to engage industry sectors about the impacts of climate change and adaptive responses. Additionally, Department of Premier and Cabinet – Tasmanian Climate Change Office 28/44 CONSULTATION REPORT: ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN TASMANIA the use of social media is an important mechanism for establishing a ‘social license’ for particular adaptive responses that may otherwise not be palatable to some communities. Financial incentives or subsidies were supported by stakeholders as a means to promote and foster innovation in industry. Without mechanisms such as these, it is likely to be difficult for industry to adopt different methods and processes or accommodate variations in production, or for new industries to emerge. Department of Premier and Cabinet – Tasmanian Climate Change Office 29/44 CONSULTATION REPORT: ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN TASMANIA 6. Natural Disasters 6.1 ISSUES IDENTIFIED BY STAKEHOLDERS Climate change projections for Tasmania indicate there is likely to be an increased incidence of extreme weather events such as flooding, storm surges, and bushfires. This presents a significant risk to Tasmania’s built and natural assets. There is still however, a perceived lack of understanding in the community about what the hazards are, and who is responsible for managing these hazards. Stakeholders considered it to be highly important that Tasmanian and local government decision makers have a well-developed understanding of the risks facing Tasmania, and the impacts on communities during natural disasters. Also seen as important was a commitment by the Tasmanian Government and other relevant organisations to ongoing investment in data, modelling and information to ensure a full understanding of the hazards and impacts, as well as human resources to implement adaption responses. Stakeholders indicated that it should remain the responsibility of the Tasmanian Government to lead the response to natural disasters in Tasmania. Furthermore, it should be a priority for local government to develop municipal natural disaster plans that identify risks, opportunities for action, and priorities, as there is a low level of awareness among stakeholders of the work regional and municipal emergency management committees do to prepare and maintain emergency management plans and risk assessments.19. Both levels of government are seen to have a responsibility for engaging with the community in a coordinated fashion to ensure there is a broad understanding of the risks, as well as the roles and responsibilities for action. In accordance with the Emergency Management Act (2006), state, regional and municipal emergency management plans are required to be developed. 19 Department of Premier and Cabinet – Tasmanian Climate Change Office 30/44 CONSULTATION REPORT: ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN TASMANIA Consultation indicated that the increased likelihood of extreme events such as storm surges in Tasmania is not being appropriately communicated as a key risk to the community. Furthermore, it was suggested that members of these communities need to be better educated about their respective roles in managing these risks. The ongoing and likely increased risk of bushfire was a particular concern to stakeholders. The negative impacts of bushfires on Tasmania’s biodiversity is seen as likely to be exacerbated by recent changes to land-use management arising from restructuring of the timber industry, and the proposed changes to Forestry Tasmania’s activities. These changes may lead to the deterioration of the condition and usability of roads in densely forested areas, therefore reducing the capacity to fight fires in these areas. This may result in more destructive wildfires and the possibility of a substantial threat placed on biodiversity in these areas. Effective and appropriate land-use planning arrangements and building standards could make a significant contribution to the management of land exposed to natural hazards, such as coastal inundation resulting from climate change induced sea level rise. It was suggested that any future amendments to land-use planning schemes or building standards should take into account long term, strategic climate change considerations to minimise the likelihood of issues arising in the future. The ability of the Tasmanian health system to respond during natural disaster incidents was also of concern to stakeholders. Projected increases in the number of patients affected by natural disasters are likely to add another layer to a system already perceived to be under considerable stress. This issue is dealt with in more detail in Section 7: Human Health and Vulnerable Communities. 6.2 OPPORTUNITIES For a short period of time after extreme weather events, communities have a heightened interest in the risks associated with such events. Such periods are an opportunity to engage more deeply with communities about the likelihood, consequences, significance and management of the risks. Department of Premier and Cabinet – Tasmanian Climate Change Office 31/44 CONSULTATION REPORT: ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN TASMANIA During their recovery from natural disasters, affected communities should be supported to consider what climate change adaption actions they can take to build resilience to future events. 6.3 BARRIERS The level of awareness and engagement within the broader community about the risks and management of natural disasters was seen as a considerable barrier to adaptation. Stakeholders indicated that there is a good level of awareness in the community about the risk management for bushfire events, however less awareness about other natural disasters. Stakeholders indicated that land management policies and land-use planning provisions present barriers to adaptation in Tasmania. Land management policies were perceived to limit the ability of landowners to manage vegetation to mitigate the risk of bushfires and wildfires. Land-use planning provisions stakeholders indicated that they are deemed to be ineffective in ensuring built and natural assets will be protected against future extreme weather events as they do not take into account projected climate risks and impacts. A lack of consistent, state-wide land-use planning provisions to address natural hazards was also identified as barriers to considering and implementing adaptation responses. 6.4 RESPONSES SUGGESTED BY STAKEHOLDERS Clear and transparent communications from both the Tasmanian and local governments was regarded by stakeholders as being critical to ensuring that the community is well informed to respond to natural disasters. Good communication of bushfire risk and responses was acknowledged, however stakeholders suggested that more could be done to communicate information about other natural disasters. The implementation of the National Strategy for Disaster Resilience Strategic Priorities was regarded as a good way to contribute to building community resilience to natural disasters. The strategic priorities are based around Department of Premier and Cabinet – Tasmanian Climate Change Office 32/44 CONSULTATION REPORT: ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN TASMANIA communicating and educating people about risks, partnering with those who effect change, empowering individuals and communities to exercise choice and take responsibility, and supporting community capabilities for disaster resilience. Government decision makers indicated it was particularly important for them to have access to the best and most up-to-date information available on natural hazards, so they can pass this information onto the rest of the community. Although there is good information currently available, it was noted that there needs to be a commitment to updating this information and filling any gaps as required. Consultation indicated that there is a low level of awareness and understanding among stakeholders of the Tasmanian Emergency Management Plan (TEMP). The TEMP specifies the emergency management arrangements within Tasmania, including stakeholder responsibilities and incident management protocols. As such, it was suggested by stakeholders that there could be better promotion of TEMP. A number of stakeholders commented that the Tasmanian Government should, at least, maintain current levels of funding to emergency management. Appropriate levels of funding will be important to ensure Tasmania’s emergency services are able to respond appropriately to natural disasters, particularly as the severity and frequency of extreme weather events may increase in the future. Consideration could also be given to investing in emergency accommodation provisions for community members displaced due to extreme weather events. It was suggested that land-use planning could better incorporate future climate change impacts and appropriate responses, particularly through state wide land-use planning provisions to address natural hazards. Further to this, a risk management framework could also be applied to the land-use planning system to minimise the impacts of natural disasters on public and private assets. Funding could be provided to improve the management of Tasmania’s coastal hazards through community consultation and the implementation of adaptation responses in relevant locations. This would be particularly applicable in locations Department of Premier and Cabinet – Tasmanian Climate Change Office 33/44 CONSULTATION REPORT: ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN TASMANIA where preliminary planning around adaptation responses has already taken place, such as the Clarence municipality. The Tasmanian Coastal Adaptation Decisions Pathway Project20 was highlighted as a good approach that could be applied in other coastal areas around Tasmania. Tasmanian Coastal Adaptation Decision Pathways Project, http://www.dpac.tas.gov.au/divisions/climatechange/adapting/_tasmanian_coastal_adaptation_decisi on_pathways_project 20 Department of Premier and Cabinet – Tasmanian Climate Change Office 34/44 CONSULTATION REPORT: ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN TASMANIA 7. Human Health and Vulnerable Communities 7.1 ISSUES IDENTIFIED BY STAKEHOLDERS Consultation with stakeholders indicated that Tasmania’s health system may be placed under additional stress as a result of climate change related factors. A warmer climate is likely to place vulnerable sectors of the community at greater risk of incidences of heat-related illness, and the heightened risk of bushfires and wildfires may result in increased presentations of burns and asthma-related illness. Warmer, wetter conditions may extend and/or enhance the risk and vulnerability of vector-borne disease in Tasmania such as the Ross River Virus. A potential increase in Tasmania’s population, resulting from an inflow of climate migrants and refugees from other areas of Australia and the Pacific impacted by rising sea levels, was also raised in the consultation. Stakeholders noted that this may also place stress upon Tasmania’s health system. It was noted that more consideration needs to be given to how to assist the members of the Tasmanian community that are the most vulnerable to the impact of climate change. This was raised as Tasmania has a higher proportion of people suffering from ill-health, the elderly, and people from low socio-economic backgrounds than other parts of Australia. Feedback indicated that strategies addressing health protection21, preventive health22 and primary health care23 in Tasmania should consider future climate issues. Health protection is defined as ‘protecting human health by identifying threats posed by environmental hazards as early as possible and by introducing appropriate safeguards. Ideally, these should be sustainable and cost effective.’(NEHS 1999)-National Environmental Health Strategy Australia 21 Department of Premier and Cabinet – Tasmanian Climate Change Office 35/44 CONSULTATION REPORT: ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN TASMANIA Stakeholders explained that this would assist the community to understand how climate change may impact on their health in the future and enable them to become more resilient to climate change as a result. Stakeholders also indicated that Tasmania does not seem to be taking a strategic approach to matters relating to the state’s future population, particularly regarding the potential impacts an increased population may have on social services, infrastructure and facilities. Issues were raised with the capability of these essential services to meet increases in demand that may result from an inflow of climate migrants and refugees from other areas. A number of stakeholders perceived that Tasmania’s social services, infrastructure and facilities may also be placed under increased pressure due to climate change impacts such as changes in the frequency and severity of extreme events. For example, social welfare services, public spaces, libraries, schools and hospitals may not have the capacity to cope with impacts such as extreme heat, flash flooding, increased rainfall, bushfires or storm events. Stakeholders appreciated that new public housing stock being built in Tasmania is being built to a 6 star standard, and that ongoing retrofits to public housing homes is promoting energy efficiency, costs saving and health and warmth benefits. It was noted however that an ongoing commitment should be made to ensure that that Tasmania’s new and existing public housing stock, as well as private low income housing provides sufficient heating and cooling for tenants in a changing climate. Further, it was noted that projected climate change risks and adaptation measures should be considered when designing new housing stock. Preventive health is defined as ‘action to reduce or eliminate or reduce the onset, causes, complications or recurrence of disease’. Source: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2004). Australia’s Health 2004. Canberra, AIHW Cat. No. AUS 44, p.496. 23 Primary health care is a broad concept that includes primary care services, health promotion, disease prevention, and population-level public health functions. http://www.med.uottawa.ca/sim/data/Primary_Care.htm 22 Department of Premier and Cabinet – Tasmanian Climate Change Office 36/44 CONSULTATION REPORT: ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN TASMANIA Stakeholders perceived that a level of apathy exists towards health and wellbeing more generally in the Tasmanian community. This apathy does not put the community in a good position to receive messaging around public health, thereby placing it at risk of becoming more susceptible to ill-health under a changing climate. Views were expressed that the current messaging around health and wellbeing is not being received by target audiences as well as it could be, and that these audiences are therefore not engaging. 7.2 OPPORTUNITIES Opportunity exists to see a shift in social attitudes, as well as strengthening and improving community relationships. As evidenced in the Tasmanian Coastal Adaptation Decision Pathways Project24, including the community in the adaptation process can create a flow on effect of enabling communities to interact together and operate as a more cohesive unit. 7.3 BARRIERS The most significant barrier identified by stakeholders in this area related to the ability and willingness of Tasmanians to adapt. It was noted that as Tasmania has a higher incidence of community members deemed vulnerable, this might affect their ability to undertake adaptation responses. It was noted that any adaptation responses developed by the Tasmanian Government need to give due consideration to the social and economic circumstances faced by Tasmanian communities. Tasmanian Coastal Adaptation Decision Pathways Project, http://www.dpac.tas.gov.au/divisions/climatechange/adapting/_tasmanian_coastal_adaptation_decisi on_pathways_project 24 Department of Premier and Cabinet – Tasmanian Climate Change Office 37/44 CONSULTATION REPORT: ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN TASMANIA 7.4 RESPONSES SUGGESTED BY STAKEHOLDERS It was suggested that strategies addressing health protection, preventive health and primary health care in Tasmania should consider Tasmania’s future climate. A ‘2050 health report card’ that specifically addresses climate change was also suggested, as this would assist in measuring and monitoring the resilience of Tasmanians to a changing climate, particularly for those that are likely to be more vulnerable to climate change. Consultation also indicated that the health and community sector should also consider a changing climate in its strategic planning. Taking a more strategic approach in relation to Tasmania’s future population was also suggested. This would enable the potential impacts an increased population may have on social services, infrastructure and facilities to be considered. Furthermore, the Tasmanian Government could ensure that these social services, infrastructure and facilities are designed, maintained and delivered in such a way that they are able to withstand the impacts of climate change, and are available to the community as needed. Public housing, and private low income housing, should be better prepared for a changing climate. Guidelines could be developed to ensure that new public housing has sufficient insulation, heating and cooling for a changing climate. Where it is cost-effective, existing housing stock should be retrofitted to also ensure that it is able to provide appropriate cooling and heating into the future. Options to work with owners of private low income housing to create a similar set of guidelines for private low income houses should be pursued. The provision of information to the community about climate change impacts on human health and suggested ways to adapt was identified as another important response for the Tasmanian Government. Although climate change and some mitigation responses are widely communicated to the community, the potential impacts on communities and what can be done to adapt, are often not fully realised. Consideration could be given to providing targeted messaging to the community through existing networks so that residents can understand the identified risks as Department of Premier and Cabinet – Tasmanian Climate Change Office 38/44 CONSULTATION REPORT: ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN TASMANIA applicable to them, and how they can act or adapt. It is important that this communication not only educates the community about the risks, but also allows people to accept responsibility for their individual risk. 8. Overarching Themes A number of overarching themes were consistently raised during the consultation process – both through written submissions and during the roundtables. These are summarised below: Department of Premier and Cabinet – Tasmanian Climate Change Office 39/44 CONSULTATION REPORT: ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN TASMANIA Climate change adaptation should be embedded in risk management frameworks and practices Existing risk management frameworks and practices provide appropriate mechanisms to consider climate change impacts and adaptation. Through these practices and mechanisms, the likelihood and consequence of climate change impacts and risks can be evaluated and adaptation responses considered and implemented. Taking climate change impacts and adaptation into account should represent best practice risk management for government, industry and business. Collection, provision, and communication of climate change information are key roles for the Tasmanian Government. The Tasmanian Government has a role to play in the collection and communication of up to date and relevant climate change information. Investment in appropriate data collection and modelling around the six priority adaptation areas would enable Tasmanians to fully understand and appreciate the potential risks posed by climate change. Information on climate change risks and impacts should be made available to the broader community in an accessible, engaging format. There is a lack of understanding of climate change risks and that responding to these risks is a shared responsibility. The breadth of risks associated with climate change impacts are not well understood by the broader community and responsibility for managing these risks is also not broadly understood. Different levels of government, private individuals and other parties may all have some responsibilities for managing climate change risks. A collaborative Department of Premier and Cabinet – Tasmanian Climate Change Office 40/44 CONSULTATION REPORT: ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN TASMANIA approach to respond to these risks should be encouraged where appropriate. Climate change should be considered as part of the Tasmanian Government’s broader policy and strategic framework. A changing climate and appropriate adaptation responses should be routine considerations for the Tasmanian Government when developing strategies and policies, particularly relating to infrastructure, public health, planning and coastal management. This will help to ensure that Tasmania invests wisely for the future and that the State is prepared for the challenges and opportunities a future climate may present. The roles and responsibilities of the Tasmanian Government as reflected in the Issues Paper are generally supported by the stakeholders engaged in the consultation process. A number of issues around the roles and responsibilities of the Tasmanian Government were highlighted: The importance of clearly communicating these roles and responsibilities with the community, as they are not necessarily consistent with community expectations; The importance of transparency in decision making; and Establishing clear terms of reference for all advisory and working groups. In addition, the provision of direction to allow local government to be consistent with its response to climate change matters could be an additional role for the Tasmanian Government. Department of Premier and Cabinet – Tasmanian Climate Change Office 41/44 CONSULTATION REPORT: ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN TASMANIA 9. Next Steps In the first half of 2013, the TCCO will undertake additional targeted consultation with stakeholders in the Tasmanian Government and other identified organisations to develop adaptation responses for the Strategy. During this time, a consultation process will also be undertaken to develop a series of mitigation responses for inclusion in the Strategy. Where emissions reduction and adaptation matters are linked, they will be considered together in the Strategy. The Strategy will be released in late 2013. Department of Premier and Cabinet – Tasmanian Climate Change Office 42/44 CONSULTATION REPORT: ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN TASMANIA Attachment 1 WRITTEN SUBMISSIONS RECEIVED FOR THE ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN TASMANIA ISSUES PAPER Organisation Name Individual Individual Individual Glenorchy City Council Individual Individual Department of Health and Human Services Doctors for the Environment Australia (Tasmania) Individual BirdLife Tasmania Southern Beaches Conservation Society Individual Department of Treasury and Finance SGS Economic and Planning Individual Individual Department of Education – Facilities Department of Education Individual Southern Coastcare Association of Tasmania Environment Tasmania GHD Pty Ltd Eco-Energy Options Pty Ltd Kingborough Council Tasman Council Individual Author Name Odette Lennane Damian Mackey Patricia Davis Greg French Mike Griffiths Charles Holmes Martin Bullen Rohan Church and Anna Norris Penny Wadsley Eric Woehler Claire Burnet Petra Strich Sam Picot Clive Attwater Chris Beechey Midj Jones Jason Bell Colin Petit Karen Enkelaar Leah Page Gemma Tillack Karen Fitzgerald John Todd Jon Doole Jennifer Milne Rob Crosthwaite Department of Premier and Cabinet – Tasmanian Climate Change Office 43/44 CONSULTATION REPORT: ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN TASMANIA Hydro Tasmania Clarence City Council Latrobe Council Climate Action Hobart Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment Hobart Mahikari Centre Department of Economic Development, Tourism and the Arts Greening Australia Tasmania Hobart City Council Tasmanian Farmers and Graziers Association Local Government Association of Tasmania Tasmanian Climate Action Council Alex Beckitt Ian Preece Sharon Holland Phil Harrington Caroline Mohammed Brett Noble Laraine Donnelly Heidi Jones Jonathan Duddles Neil Noye Jan Davis Allan Garcia Lesley Hughes Department of Premier and Cabinet – Tasmanian Climate Change Office 44/44