Download Semester 2 – Final Exam Review2016

SEMESTER 2—FINAL EXAM Review
Name: _____________________
Chapter 10:
1. Is it better for cells to have a large surface area-to-volume ratio such as, 6:1 or is it better to
have a small surface area-to-volume ratio such as, 2:1? Why?
2. What are the 2 main reasons that cells stay small?
3. As organisms grow, such as when you grew from a baby to a young adult, what happened
to your cells? (Hint: Did you get bigger cells, or more cells?)
4. What are the 3 parts of interphase in order and what is happening in each part?
5. What are 3 reasons cells need to divide?
6. What are the 4 phases or mitosis and what is happening in each of the phases?
7. What is cytokinesis?
Chapter 11:
1. Know the following vocabulary:
Genotype, Phenotype, Homozygous Dominant, Homozygous Recessive, & Heterozygous
2. If petal color is codominant, what color would the offspring be if I crossed a red flower
with a white flower?
3. If petal color exhibits incomplete dominance, what color would the flowers be if I crossed
a red flower with a white flower?
4. A woman who is homozygous dominant for Type A blood marries a man with type AB
blood. Draw a Punnett square to figure out the possible blood types of their children.
5. Colorblindness is a recessive, X-linked trait. A couple has a son who is colorblind. Who did
the son get the colorblind trait from?
6. Two parents who do NOT have cystic fibrosis (a recessive disorder) give birth to a son with
cystic fibrosis. What do their genotypes have to be in order to have a child with cystic
fibrosis (assuming she didn’t fool around with the milk man).
7. Be able to interpret a pedigree. Use their Pedigree Worksheet to help you practice!
Chapter 12 & 13:
1. What is DNA (Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid) made of?
2. What shape is DNA?
3. What did Watson and Crick discover? And how was Rosalind Franklin involved?
4. On the level of DNA, what causes the differences between organisms?
5. Which nitrogen bases pair with which nitrogen bases (Chargaff’s Rule)?
6. List the steps of DNA replication (ending with the product):
7. Why does the cell make mRNA?
8. List the steps of RNA transcription (ending with the product):
9. What’s the difference between RNA and DNA?
10. List the steps of RNA Translation (ending with the product):
11. What is a mutation? How is a point mutation different from a chromosomal mutation?
Chapter 16:
1. What is the definition of evolution?
2. Is life on Earth staying the same or changing?
3. Darwin noticed three distinctive patterns of biological diversity.
Describe the 3 ways in which populations vary:
4. What was Lamarck’s Evolutionary Hypothesis? Was he correct?
5. What was Malthus’s view of population growth?
6. What is artificial selection?
7. What is natural selection?
8. What are the 3 requirements for natural selection? And what do they mean?
9. Know peppered moth evolution and how it’s an example of natural selection.
10. What is an adaptation?
11. How does an organism achieve “fitness”?
12. For each of the following terms, know the definition, an example, and why it is considered
evidence of evolution:
Homologous Structures:
Vestigial Structures:
Comparative Embryology:
Chapter 17:
1. What is capable of evolving, populations or individuals? EXPLAIN WHY.
2. Know the Types of Natural Selection and the GRAPHS associated with each type.
Directions: Write the name of the type of natural selection in the blank at the top of the 3
boxes; use the outline of each box as the X-axis and Y-axis of the graphs.
__________________________________
___________________________________
____________________________________
3. What is genetic drift?
a. What is the Founders Effect:
b. What is the Bottleneck Effect:
4. What is a species?
5. What is speciation?
6.
What causes speciation to occur?
7. Describe the 3 types of reproductive isolation we learned?
a. _____________________________:
b. _____________________________:
c. _____________________________:
Chapter 18:
1. What is the purpose of biological classification systems?
2. What are the 8 taxa? From the largest, most inclusive taxa to the smallest, most restrictive taxa.
3. Know how to read a cladogram (know how to identify a clade).
Chapter 23
4. Know and be able to recognize examples of the types of animal behavior
Learned behaviors
a. Habituation
b. Classical conditioning
c. Operant Conditioning
d. Insight learning
Innate behaviors
a. Reflex
b. Fight or flight
c. Hibernation
d. Circadian rhythm
e. Courtship
f. Territoriality
g. Kin selection